How Do You Solve Basic Physics Problems Involving Friction, Force, and Motion?

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Basic physics problems involving friction, force, and motion can often seem complex, but they can be solved using straightforward formulas. For the toboggan scenario, the force of gravity can be calculated using the equation F_gravity = mass * g, where g is the acceleration due to gravity. The coefficient of friction can be determined using the formula mu = F_friction / N, where N is the normal force. In the book sliding scenario, the coefficient of friction can be found by rearranging the force equation and incorporating the acceleration. Lastly, to find the time until the two cars meet, the relative speeds and the distance between them can be used in the equation x = v * t. Understanding and applying these formulas step-by-step is key to solving these problems effectively.
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mental block questions!

Something about these questions got me, maybe I am looking for some complex answer when its more simple then i think.

1.A 20.0 Kg toboggan is pulled along by a force of 30.0N
a)what is the force of gravity on the toboggan?
b)What is the coefficient of friction?
c)How much force is needed to pull the toboggan if two 60.0 Kg girls are sitting on it?

2. A book has a mass of 400 g. When you slided the book against the floor with 5 N, it accelerated at the rate of -1.5 m/s2. What would the coefficient of friction between the book and the floor be?

3. Vancouver and Coquitlam are 30.0km apart. Car A drives from Vancouver to Coquitlam at a constent velocity of 20km/h. Car B drives from Coquitlam to Vancouver at a constent velocity of 35km/h. How much time will pass before Car A and Car B cross paths?

I know the answers to these questions because there in my book, but i don't know how to get these answers. Can you show me what formulas to use and the steps to get the answers? thanks.
 
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Show us what you tried and we'll try to help you out and show you where you went wrong.

Some things to know.

mu*N=Force of friction

x=v*t
 
Thread 'Variable mass system : water sprayed into a moving container'

Thread 'Variable mass system : water sprayed into a moving container'

Starting with the mass considerations #m(t)# is mass of water #M_{c}# mass of container and #M(t)# mass of total system $$M(t) = M_{C} + m(t)$$ $$\Rightarrow \frac{dM(t)}{dt} = \frac{dm(t)}{dt}$$ $$P_i = Mv + u \, dm$$ $$P_f = (M + dm)(v + dv)$$ $$\Delta P = M \, dv + (v - u) \, dm$$ $$F = \frac{dP}{dt} = M \frac{dv}{dt} + (v - u) \frac{dm}{dt}$$ $$F = u \frac{dm}{dt} = \rho A u^2$$ from conservation of momentum , the cannon recoils with the same force which it applies. $$\quad \frac{dm}{dt}...
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