The electric potential difference between two points is defined as the amount of work needed to move a unit charge from one point to the other, against the electric field. It is measured in volts (V).
The formula for calculating electric potential difference is V = W/Q, where V is the potential difference, W is the work done, and Q is the charge. Alternatively, it can also be calculated using the formula V = Ed, where E is the electric field strength and d is the distance between the two points.
The electric potential difference can be measured using a voltmeter. The voltmeter is connected in parallel to the two points, and the reading on the voltmeter will give the potential difference between the two points.
The electric potential difference between two points is directly proportional to the distance between the two points. As the distance increases, the potential difference decreases, and vice versa. This is because the electric field strength decreases with distance.
Yes, the electric potential difference between two points can be negative. This indicates that the electric field is pointing towards the opposite direction of the movement of the charge. It simply means that the work done by the electric field is negative, which can happen if the charge is moving towards a lower potential.