Neumann's Principle - applicable to the wavefunction?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the applicability of Neumann's Principle to the wavefunction of an electron in a crystal. Participants explore whether the wavefunction must also exhibit invariance under the same symmetry elements that define the crystal's properties, particularly in the context of condensed matter physics.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants assert that Neumann's Principle applies to the wavefunction, suggesting that if a crystal is an eigenlattice of a symmetry operator, the wavefunction is necessarily an eigenfunction of that operator.
  • One participant highlights that translational symmetry in crystals leads to the Bloch wave function, emphasizing the importance of symmetry and broken symmetry in condensed matter physics.
  • Another participant notes that the wave functions of crystals are typically expressed in reciprocal space, where the symmetry of the wavefunction corresponds to the symmetry of the reciprocal space point.
  • It is mentioned that properties can be derived from symmetry at high symmetry points in the Brillouin zone, and that calculations can often be simplified by applying symmetries, particularly in high-symmetry crystals.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the extent to which Neumann's Principle applies to wavefunctions, with some supporting its applicability while others may question or seek clarification on specific aspects. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the broader implications of these principles.

Contextual Notes

Some assumptions about the definitions of symmetry and the specific conditions under which Neumann's Principle applies to wavefunctions are not fully explored. The discussion also touches on the mathematical complexities involved in deriving properties from symmetry, which are not resolved.

dipole
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Neumann's Principle states:

If a crystal is invariant with respect to certain symmetry elements, any of its physical properties must also be invariant with respect to the same symmetry elements.

So, does this apply to the wavefunction of an electron in a crystal? Or, stated another way, if the crystal is an eigenlattice of some symmetry operator, is the wavefunction necessarily an eigenfunction of the same operator?
 
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dipole said:
Neumann's Principle states:

If a crystal is invariant with respect to certain symmetry elements, any of its physical properties must also be invariant with respect to the same symmetry elements.

So, does this apply to the wavefunction of an electron in a crystal? Or, stated another way, if the crystal is an eigenlattice of some symmetry operator, is the wavefunction necessarily an eigenfunction of the same operator?

It certainly does! For example, the translational symmetry of a crystal at each lattice points results in the Bloch wave function. In fact, I would even say that the concept of symmetry and broken symmetry is one of the most important concept in condensed matter (see the origin of Higgs mechanism).

Zz.
 
ZapperZ said:
It certainly does! For example, the translational symmetry of a crystal at each lattice points results in the Bloch wave function. In fact, I would even say that the concept of symmetry and broken symmetry is one of the most important concept in condensed matter (see the origin of Higgs mechanism).

Zz.

Wow thanks for the answer. That's a very powerful concept, I began thinking about this when someone showed me how you can determine the form of the electric susceptibility tensor of a crystalline material just by considering the crystal symmetry, I was very impressed.
 
The wave functions of crystals are usually given in reciprocal space, within the first Brillouin zone.

For each point within the BZ, the wave function at that point must have the symmetry of the reciprocal space point. For high symmetry points, e.g. on the BZ boundary and on high-symmetry axes one can derive a lot of properties from symmetry alone.

Also, one usually has to calculate only a small fraction of the BZ, as the rest can be derived by applying symmetries. For a high-symmetry crystal like Si with 48(!) symmetries the savings are considerable.
 

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