Newtons cradle Conservation of Momentum

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The discussion emphasizes the need for a modified conservation of momentum equation in the context of Newton's cradle, highlighting that the momentum of the first ball post-collision should be included in calculations. It suggests deriving the momentum after the collision algebraically to clarify the velocities of both balls involved. Additionally, the conservation of energy equation should be written out to create a system of equations with two unknowns. There is a query regarding the assertion that the height of the second ball is less than the initial height, prompting further clarification. Lastly, converting values to SI units is recommended for accurate numerical analysis, as the potential energy example provided is incorrect.
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You have the general idea but the conservation of momentum equation needs a bit of modification. The momentum before is correct but the momentum after forgets the momentum of the first ball. It might turn out the the momentum of the first ball is 0 after the collision but this should come from the algebra. Also, write out the equation of conservation of energy. Then you have two equations with two unknowns (velocity of ball 1 and velocity of ball 2 both after the collision). Finally, why do you say that the height of the second ball is less than the initial height?

One last thing, it might help to convert your number to SI units for numerical answer e.g. the potential energy isn't actually 14700J
 
Kindly see the attached pdf. My attempt to solve it, is in it. I'm wondering if my solution is right. My idea is this: At any point of time, the ball may be assumed to be at an incline which is at an angle of θ(kindly see both the pics in the pdf file). The value of θ will continuously change and so will the value of friction. I'm not able to figure out, why my solution is wrong, if it is wrong .
TL;DR Summary: I came across this question from a Sri Lankan A-level textbook. Question - An ice cube with a length of 10 cm is immersed in water at 0 °C. An observer observes the ice cube from the water, and it seems to be 7.75 cm long. If the refractive index of water is 4/3, find the height of the ice cube immersed in the water. I could not understand how the apparent height of the ice cube in the water depends on the height of the ice cube immersed in the water. Does anyone have an...
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