What is the NMR splitting pattern for Butane?

In summary, the molecule butane, CH3CH2CH2CH3, has two proton environments, resulting in a 3,4 or 3,6 splitting. The 3 splitting occurs because the CH3 group is next to a carbon with 2 hydrogens, the 6 occurs because both CH2 groups neighbor a CH3 and CH2 group, and the 4 occurs because both CH2 groups neighbor a carbon with three hydrogens. It is uncertain if splitting would occur if two chemically identical groups are next to each other.
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Homework Statement


Butane, CH3CH2CH2CH3
has two proton environments
would the splitting be 3, 6 OR 3,4


Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution


The 3 splitting would be because the CH3 group is next to a carbon with 2 hydrogens (n+1 --> 2+1 = 3)

Now the 6 would be because both CH2 groups neighbour a CH3 and CH2 group. (n + 1 --> 5+1 --> 6)

The 4 would be because both CH2 groups neigbhour a carbon with three hydrogens (n+1--> 4)
I am not sure if splitting is induced if two CHEMICALLY IDENTICAL groups are next to each other. I know splitting occurs if the neighbouring carbon contains hydrogens BUT IF THE TWO GROUPS ARE IDENTICAL X-CH2-CH2-X then would the splitting be 6 or would it be 4

thanks
 
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1. What is NMR splitting in butane?

NMR splitting in butane refers to the phenomenon where the NMR signal from the molecule is split into multiple peaks due to the presence of neighboring protons. This occurs because the protons in the molecule have different magnetic environments, causing them to resonate at different frequencies.

2. How does NMR splitting in butane occur?

NMR splitting in butane occurs due to the spin-spin coupling between neighboring protons. This coupling arises from the interaction between the magnetic fields generated by the protons, which can either be in the same or opposite direction. The resulting splitting pattern can provide information about the number and arrangement of neighboring protons in the molecule.

3. What factors influence NMR splitting in butane?

The main factors that influence NMR splitting in butane are the number of neighboring protons, the strength of their magnetic fields, and the distance between them. The type of functional group attached to the butane molecule can also affect the splitting pattern.

4. How is NMR splitting in butane useful in research?

NMR splitting in butane is useful in research as it provides valuable information about the structure and composition of molecules. By analyzing the splitting pattern, researchers can determine the number and arrangement of protons in a molecule, which is crucial in identifying and characterizing organic compounds.

5. Can NMR splitting in butane be used to determine the purity of a sample?

Yes, NMR splitting in butane can be used to determine the purity of a sample. If the sample contains impurities, it can affect the splitting pattern, resulting in a distorted NMR spectrum. By comparing the splitting pattern of a pure sample to that of an impure sample, researchers can assess the purity of the sample.

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