An object dropped from a height of 500 meters can be analyzed using differential equations, specifically applying the law of free fall with an acceleration of 9.81 m/s². By integrating the acceleration equation, the velocity can be expressed as V(t) = 9.81t, with the initial velocity set to zero. The displacement equation is derived as D = 4.9t², allowing for the calculation of time when D equals 500 meters. Substituting this time back into the velocity equation provides the final speed upon impact. This method effectively combines differential equations with basic physics principles to solve the problem.