Physics behind voltage regulators

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the physics and practicalities of voltage regulators, specifically in the context of generating a -5V output from a +5V supply. Participants explore the capabilities and limitations of specific voltage regulator models, including the LM7905 and LM7805, and discuss alternative methods for achieving negative voltage outputs.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant, Chet, seeks a detailed explanation of how a voltage regulator can create a -5V signal from a +5V and ground, specifically in relation to the LM7905.
  • Another participant asserts that the LM7905 cannot generate -5V from +5V and ground, as it requires a raw negative voltage more negative than -7V.
  • Chet later corrects the initial mention of the LM7905 to the LM7805, which another participant clarifies outputs +5V, not -5V.
  • Discussion includes the concept of creating a "virtual ground" to derive both +5V and -5V from a higher positive voltage supply, indicating the complexity of converting positive to negative voltages.
  • One participant suggests that while there may be DC to DC converters capable of converting +5V to -5V, they typically require additional components like inductors.
  • Another participant mentions switched capacitor converters as a potential solution for low current applications, referencing specific models from Linear Technology.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally disagree on the feasibility of generating -5V from +5V using the discussed voltage regulators, with no consensus on a straightforward method to achieve this without additional components or configurations.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights the importance of understanding voltage references and the relative nature of ground in circuit design, as well as the limitations of specific voltage regulator models in achieving desired outputs.

littlebilly91
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Hello,
I was given a voltage regulator today (to provide -5V to an op amp). I was told that I could create a -5V signal from a +5V and a ground. I was told that the ground was converted to a neutral level. I understand what that means, but not why or how it works. Could someone explain that to me how this works in detail? I am particularly interested in the physics behind it. It is an LM7905 if anyone is curious.

Thanks,
Chet
 
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You cannot create -5V from +5V and ground using a 7905. 7905 will take a raw negative voltage more negative than -7V together with the 0V(ground) to regulate to -5V output. But no way can a 7905 take only +5V and 0V(ground) and get -5V.
 
Sorry, I listed the wrong one ( was given 2). LM7805 does the trick, yeah?
 
No, a 7805 will give you +5V out.

Converting a positive voltage to something negative is a bit tricky. One way of doing it is to create a "virtual ground", this will allow you to e.g. get +5 and -5V from a +12V supply.

AFAIK there is no single-chip solution for creating -5V from a +5V supply.
 
There must be a DC to DC converter that can convert +5V to -5V. Just that OP name 7905 on the first post. BUT not a single IC without monkeying with inductors and other components.

Actually, if you are given +5V and 0V, you can change reference and use +5V as common and 0V(ground ) as -5V. You have to be very careful to call anything ground. In a straight sense, it is all relative.

Back to the OP, there is no way to get -5V from either 7805 or 7905 if you have to keep 0V as ground from +5V.
 
there are switched capacitor converters that'll do it
if you don't need much current.

check Linear Technology's LTC 1983-3/LTC1983-5
 

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