Prathamesh said:For any rod Poisson's ratio should be
same i.e. 0.5 (we get this ans if we find
(dr/r) / (dl/l) ) assuming that
volume of rod always remains constant...
But why it is not so ?
We have different ratios for different materials..
Chestermiller said:For their volume to be constant, all materials would have to be incompressible.
If the shear modulus is zero, then Young's modulus is zero, which means that, unless the Poisson ratio is equal to 1/2, the bulk modulus is zero. If the Young's modulus is not zero and the Poisson ratio is equal to 1/2, the bulk modulus is infinite, and the material is incompressible.Mapes said:Not quite; they would only need to have a shear modulus of zero. A liquid would satisfy this requirement, even if it is not perfectly incompressible. You can conclude this from the identity $$\nu=\frac{3K-2G}{2(3K+G)}$$ where ##\nu## is the Poisson's ratio, ##K## is the bulk modulus, and ##G## is the shear modulus. Note that the Poisson's ratio is undefined for a perfectly incompressible material (i.e., one for which ##K=\infty##).
Poisson's Ratio is important in material science because it is a measure of the compressibility and deformability of a material. It describes the ratio of the lateral strain to the axial strain when a material is subjected to an external force. This information is crucial in understanding the mechanical properties and behavior of materials under different conditions.
The main factor that causes Poisson's Ratio to differ between materials is their atomic and molecular structure. The arrangement and bonding of atoms in a material determine how easily it can deform when subjected to external forces. Materials with different structures will have different Poisson's Ratios because they have different tendencies to compress or expand in response to stress.
Temperature can affect Poisson's Ratio in two ways. First, it can change the atomic and molecular structure of a material, which in turn can alter its Poisson's Ratio. Second, temperature can also affect the movement and interaction of atoms, which can lead to changes in the mechanical properties of the material, including its Poisson's Ratio.
Yes, Poisson's Ratio can be negative. This occurs when a material experiences a transverse expansion when compressed, meaning that the lateral strain is larger than the axial strain. This behavior is observed in some materials with unique atomic structures, such as rubber, which can have a negative Poisson's Ratio at certain temperatures and strain levels.
Poisson's Ratio is typically measured using tensile or compression tests, where a sample of the material is subjected to controlled forces and its strain and stress are measured. The ratio of the lateral strain to the axial strain is then calculated to determine the Poisson's Ratio. Other techniques, such as acoustic and optical methods, can also be used to measure Poisson's Ratio in specific materials.