Potential Difference of Capacitors

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the potential difference across a parallel-plate capacitor with an area of 5 cm² and a plate separation of 1 mm, storing a charge of 400 pC. The correct approach involves using the formula C = Q/ΔV, where C is the capacitance, Q is the charge, and ΔV is the potential difference. The initial attempt incorrectly applied the energy stored equation, leading to confusion. The final resolution confirms that the potential difference is 90.4 V, aligning with the textbook answer.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of capacitor fundamentals, including charge, capacitance, and potential difference.
  • Familiarity with the formula C = ε₀(A/d) for calculating capacitance.
  • Knowledge of unit conversions, specifically converting cm² to m².
  • Basic grasp of electric fields and their relationship to potential difference (E = V/d).
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation and application of the capacitance formula C = Q/ΔV.
  • Learn about the energy stored in capacitors using U = 1/2 C(ΔV)².
  • Explore unit conversion techniques, particularly for area and volume in physics problems.
  • Investigate the relationship between electric fields and potential difference in various capacitor configurations.
USEFUL FOR

Students studying electromagnetism, electrical engineering, or anyone needing to understand capacitor behavior and calculations in physics.

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Homework Statement


A parallel-plate capacitor has an area of 5 cm^2, and the plates are separated by 1mm with air between them. The capacitor stores a charge of 400pC. a) What is the potential difference across the plates of the capacitor? b) What is the magnitude of the uniform electric field in the region between the plates?


Homework Equations


1. U_{c}=\frac{1}{2}C(\Delta V)^2
2. C=\epsilon_{0}\frac{A}{d}

The Attempt at a Solution


a) Using equation #1, \Delta V=\sqrt{\frac{2(400*10^-12C)}{(4.425*10^-10F)}}

V=1.3446 V ... however, the answer in the back of the book is: 90.4 V
What am I doing wrong here? I'm pretty sure I'm using the right equation.

b) E=V/d I plugged in the book's answer for V and used the given distance to find the electric field magnitude. Help me on part a please? :smile: Thanks!
 
Last edited:
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Your first equation listed doesn't make sense for this problem. That is the equation for the energy stored in a capacitor, which you don't know (U does not equal the charge). Try to find a simplier equation containing the three things you know.
For your calculation of C using equation 2: You answer isn't quite right. I suspect you didn't convert the area from cm^2 to m^2 properly.
 
hage567 said:
Your first equation listed doesn't make sense for this problem. That is the equation for the energy stored in a capacitor, which you don't know (U does not equal the charge). Try to find a simplier equation containing the three things you know.
For your calculation of C using equation 2: You answer isn't quite right. I suspect you didn't convert the area from cm^2 to m^2 properly.

thanks for all your help. I solved by using C=Q/V :smile: that was easy. :biggrin:
 

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