Reverse reactions and Le Chateliers principle

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the concept of reverse reactions in acid-base chemistry and the application of Le Chatelier's principle in industrial processes to optimize yield. Participants explore how equilibrium is established and maintained in reactions, particularly in contexts where achieving high product yield is crucial.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant notes that acid-base reactions do not go 100% toward the product and that reverse reactions lead to equilibrium.
  • Another participant describes industrial practices where unreacted materials are recycled to maximize yield, indicating a process involving separation equipment.
  • A suggestion is made that distillation or other methods can be employed to remove products from the reaction mixture to shift equilibrium toward the product side.
  • Further elaboration is provided on the factors affecting equilibrium stability, including concentration, temperature, and pressure-volume effects, with a mention of a 'seesaw analysis' as a visualization tool.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express various viewpoints on the application of Le Chatelier's principle and the methods to influence reaction equilibrium. There is no clear consensus on the best approach or the effectiveness of different methods discussed.

Contextual Notes

The discussion includes assumptions about the conditions under which reactions occur and the specific methods of separation and recycling, which may vary based on the reaction type and industrial setup. The hypothetical reaction example provided is not resolved in terms of its implications for real-world applications.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to students and professionals in chemistry, chemical engineering, and industrial processes, particularly those focused on reaction optimization and equilibrium dynamics.

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TL;DR
Yield in acid-base reaction low due to reverse reaction
In acid-base reactions, the reaction never goes 100% toward the product, right? A reverse reaction will occur and eventually reaction toward product and reactant will reach equilibrium. In lab/industry conditions where yield is important, how does they push the reaction toward product? I am guessing this is where Le Chatelier's principle may come in handy but I am having a hard time seeing it.
 
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In industrial processes, if the reaction does not go to completion in the reactor, the reaction mixture next goes to a piece of separation equipment (like a distillation column) where the products and reactants are purified, and the reactants are recycled to the reactor to be combined with new reactants, while the products experience subsequent processing. This applies to both batch processes and continuous flow processes.
 
You can distill/remove/precipitate (whichever works best for a given reaction) the product out to shift the equilibrium.
 
... but I am having a hard time seeing it.

Generally, equilibrium stability is affected by one, two or a combination of three factors. These are concentration effects, temperature affects & pressure-volume effects. One way that is used to visualize the effect of concentration and/or temperature effects is the 'seesaw analysis'. Pressure-Volume effect follows after concentration & temperature effects.
Consider the following hypothetical reaction (A + B <=> C + D) and assume while at equilibrium it is balanced on a seesaw...

Concentration Effects can be perceived as follows ...
Le Chateliers Principle - Concentration Effects_0001.jpg

Le Chateliers Principle - Temp Effects_0001.jpg

Le Chateliers Principle - Press-Vol Effects.jpg


 
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