Separation angle between pulsars detecting Gravitational Waves

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the Hellings and Downs curve, which is pivotal in understanding the correlation of gravitational waves detected by pulsars. The angle between two pulsars is the primary variable influencing whether gravitational waves interfere constructively or destructively, contrary to the assumption that distance from the observer also plays a significant role. Visualizing gravitational waveforms in three dimensions is essential for grasping this concept, as highlighted by the referenced YouTube video on gravitational wave animations.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of the Hellings and Downs curve
  • Familiarity with pulsar timing and gravitational wave detection
  • Basic knowledge of gravitational waveforms
  • Ability to interpret 3D visualizations of physical phenomena
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the mathematical formulation of the Hellings and Downs curve
  • Explore pulsar timing arrays and their role in gravitational wave detection
  • Learn about gravitational waveforms and their characteristics
  • Watch educational videos on 3D visualizations of gravitational waves
USEFUL FOR

Astronomers, astrophysicists, and students interested in gravitational wave research and pulsar timing analysis will benefit from this discussion.

zinn
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TL;DR
How can separation angle alone tell you about the correlation between gravitational wave signals from pulsar timing?
I’m trying to understand the Hellings and Downs curve that is being used to argue for the existence of a gravitational wave background ([NANOGrav article][1]). How can it be that the angle between two pulsars is the only variable that determines if the gravitational waves will interfere constructively (correlated) or destructively (anti-correlated). I would have imagined that distance from the observer would also be a factor.

(Image source: https://astrobites.org/2016/08/10/the-predictor-of-pulsar-timing/)
3EFC2F01-19E9-4450-9E02-914871009C04.png


I imagine that a key part of understanding this concept would be visualising the gravitational waveforms in 3D. Should I be picturing something like this? [youtube video with gravitational wave animations][2]


[1]: https://nanograv.org/15yr/Summary/Background
[2]:
[3]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/w3DSd.png
 

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