[Theoretical computer science] Regular Turing Machine undecidable proof

AI Thread Summary
The discussion revolves around a proof from Spiser's book regarding the construction of a Turing machine (TM) S that decides the acceptance problem (ATM) using a TM R that decides the regular languages (REGULARTM). The key points include the construction of a TM M2 that accepts strings of the form o^i1^i and simulates another TM M on input w. The confusion arises around the behavior of M2 and the implications of R's acceptance or rejection. Specifically, if M2 accepts a string of the form o^i1^i, it indicates that the input is not regular, leading to R rejecting it. The discussion seeks clarification on how the proof demonstrates that ATM is undecidable, particularly in relation to the outcomes when M rejects. The participants are looking for a clearer explanation of the proof's logic and its implications for the theory of computation.
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Hello the proof of the Spiser's book (introduction to theory of computation):
PROOF
We let R be a TM that decides REGULARTM and construct TM S to
decide ATM. Then S works in the following manner.
S = "On input (M, w), where M is a TM and w is a string:
1. Construct the following TM M2 .
M2 = "On input x:
1. If x has the form o^i 1^i , accept.
2. If x does not have this form, run M on input w and
accept if M accepts w."
2. R on input (M2 ).
3. Run R if accepts, accept; if R rejects, reject."
I don't understand how it works.
If x has that form accept and R will reject because 0^i1^i is not regular.
What happens when M rejects?
 
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Could you be a little more clear on what this is trying to prove?
 
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