Understanding the Power Reducing Identity in Trigonometric Functions

mike01
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Homework Statement


See attached image


Homework Equations


Power reducing Identy:
cos^u = (1+Cos2u / 2)


The Attempt at a Solution


This is a problem that was done as an example (I know it is not complete it is missing the last integration step) but this is where I am getting stuck my question is where in this (3/2) coming from indicated in red in the image I cannot figure it out? thanks in advance.
 

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There's a 1 on the left side of the integrand, and a 1/2 coming from the fraction on the right.

1 + 1/2 = 3/2...
 
stupid question the 1/2, does that not stay with the second equation why would you inocrporate it into the first also??
 
There are two things I don't understand about this problem. First, when finding the nth root of a number, there should in theory be n solutions. However, the formula produces n+1 roots. Here is how. The first root is simply ##\left(r\right)^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}##. Then you multiply this first root by n additional expressions given by the formula, as you go through k=0,1,...n-1. So you end up with n+1 roots, which cannot be correct. Let me illustrate what I mean. For this...
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