Vapor pressure question in chemical thermodynamics

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on calculating the vapor pressure of iso-propyl alcohol at 298.15 K using thermodynamic equations. The initial calculation yielded a vapor pressure of 0.078 atm based on the enthalpy of vaporization (ΔHvap = 44.2 kJ/mol) and entropy of vaporization (ΔSvap = 127 J/mol·K). However, the correct vapor pressure is 0.18 atm, which was identified as a result of an incorrect entropy value. The corrected entropy value is 134.04 J/mol·K, leading to the accurate calculation.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of thermodynamic principles, specifically free energy equations.
  • Familiarity with the concepts of enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) in phase transitions.
  • Knowledge of the ideal gas law and its application in vapor pressure calculations.
  • Proficiency in using the exponential function in thermodynamic equations.
NEXT STEPS
  • Review the derivation of the Gibbs free energy equation: ΔG = ΔH - T·ΔS.
  • Study the calculation of vapor pressure using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
  • Explore the impact of temperature on vapor pressure and its relationship with entropy.
  • Investigate common sources of error in thermodynamic calculations and how to avoid them.
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Chemistry students, chemical engineers, and professionals involved in thermodynamics and phase equilibrium studies will benefit from this discussion.

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Homework Statement



Calculate the vapor pressure of iso-propyle alcohol over iso-propyle alcohol in pure liquid state at 298,15K.

Homework Equations



A possible equation to solve this problem, I think, would be to use this formula put together by two definitions of free energy. [tex]\Delta G = \Delta H - T \cdot \Delta S[/tex] and
[tex]\Delta G = RT ln \frac{p}{p*}[/tex]

[tex]p = exp(\frac{\Delta H_{vap}-T \cdot \Delta S_{vap}}{R\cdot T})[/tex]

And for this we know the following data.
[tex]\Delta H_{vap} = 44,2 \frac{kJ}{mol}[/tex]
[tex]\Delta S_{vap} = 127 \frac{J}{mol \cdot K}[/tex]

The Attempt at a Solution



If we put in the data we get the following solution.

[tex]p = exp(\frac{44200 \frac{J}{mol}-298,15K \cdot 127 \frac{J}{mol \cdot K}}{8,315\frac{J}{mol \cdot K}\cdot 298,15K}=0,078 atm[/tex]

The unit of the vapor pressure is given in atm because you always compare a result to its predefined standard. In this case 1 atm. [tex]\frac{p}{p_{ref}}[/tex]

The result is therefore 0,078 atm, however in my solutions manual for the coursework question, the solution should be 0,18 atm. And this is my problem, I simply can't get to that solution no matter how many times I twist and turn it.

Sorry if the language is a bit off. If you don't understand my question or some of the midway solutions I come to, please do ask and I will respond as soon as possible.

Nikolaj Rahmberg
 
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My error has been found by myself.. The value I had for vapor entropy was wrong. It was really 134,04 J/mol*K..

But thanks anyway..
 
Glad you worked it out. Welcome to PF! :smile:
 

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