Why Do Electrons Emit EM Waves and Lose Energy in Classical Orbits?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the classical explanation for why electrons, when orbiting a nucleus, emit electromagnetic (EM) waves and consequently lose energy, leading to the collapse of their orbits. The scope includes theoretical considerations and references to classical electrodynamics.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions why electrons emit EM waves while undergoing circular acceleration, suggesting a need for a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
  • Another participant recommends consulting "Classical Electrodynamics" by Jackson and a Wikipedia link on synchrotron radiation for insights into the emission mechanism.
  • Some participants propose that Maxwell's equations could be used to demonstrate the emission of EM waves by accelerating charges, although they acknowledge that the derivation is complex.
  • A later reply mentions the Lienard-Wiechert potentials and Jefimenko's Equations as frameworks that show how an accelerating charge emits electromagnetic radiation, derived from Maxwell's equations.
  • One participant shares a resource that calculates radiation loss for charged particles in circular accelerators, suggesting that similar calculations could be applied to atomic electrons.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying levels of understanding and approaches to the problem, with no consensus reached on the simplest or most effective way to explain the phenomenon.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights the complexity of deriving the emission of EM waves from first principles using Maxwell's equations, indicating that assumptions and definitions may significantly influence interpretations.

kntsy
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why according to classical, electron circuling around the nucleus will emit EM wave and lose energy and collapse?

I know electron undergoes circular acceleration, but why emit EM wave?
 
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can't this be shown using Maxwell's equations?

that might be more helpful to him
 


Curl said:
can't this be shown using Maxwell's equations?

that might be more helpful to him

It isn't a simple task to do so. But the sources provided above, the wikipedia link and Jackson's, do have the derivation from Maxwell's Equations. Suffice to say though one can see from the Lienard-Wiechert potentials or Jefimenko's Equations that an accelerating charge emits an electromagnetic wave. These equations are derived via Maxwell's but the exact process isn't so simple.
 


This page calculates the radiation loss for a charged particle in a circular accelerator:

http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/em/lectures/node131.html

Substitute numbers for a classically-orbiting atomic electron and see what you get.

To see the derivation of the formula used, click from that page to the "previous" pages on the Larmor formula and accelerated charges in general.
 

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