What is Car: Definition and 1000 Discussions

A car (or automobile) is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation. Most definitions of cars say that they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people rather than goods.Cars came into global use during the 20th century, and developed economies depend on them. The year 1886 is regarded as the birth year of the modern car when German inventor Karl Benz patented his Benz Patent-Motorwagen. Cars became widely available in the early 20th century. One of the first cars accessible to the masses was the 1908 Model T, an American car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. Cars were rapidly adopted in the US, where they replaced animal-drawn carriages and carts, but took much longer to be accepted in Western Europe and other parts of the world.Cars have controls for driving, parking, passenger comfort, and a variety of lights. Over the decades, additional features and controls have been added to vehicles, making them progressively more complex, but also more reliable and easier to operate. These include rear-reversing cameras, air conditioning, navigation systems, and in-car entertainment. Most cars in use in the early 2020s are propelled by an internal combustion engine, fueled by the combustion of fossil fuels. Electric cars, which were invented early in the history of the car, became commercially available in the 2000s and are predicted to cost less to buy than gasoline cars before 2025. The transition from fossil fuels to electric cars features prominently in most climate change mitigation scenarios, such as Project Drawdown's 100 actionable solutions for climate change.There are costs and benefits to car use. The costs to the individual include acquiring the vehicle, interest payments (if the car is financed), repairs and maintenance, fuel, depreciation, driving time, parking fees, taxes, and insurance. The costs to society include maintaining roads, land use, road congestion, air pollution, public health, healthcare, and disposing of the vehicle at the end of its life. Traffic collisions are the largest cause of injury-related deaths worldwide.Personal benefits include on-demand transportation, mobility, independence, and convenience. Societal benefits include economic benefits, such as job and wealth creation from the automotive industry, transportation provision, societal well-being from leisure and travel opportunities, and revenue generation from taxes. People's ability to move flexibly from place to place has far-reaching implications for the nature of societies. There are around 1 billion cars in use worldwide. Car usage is increasing rapidly, especially in China, India and other newly industrialized countries.

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  1. J

    Car lift using suspensions as lift points

    Some car lift service centers want to lift up the car by using the suspensions. I always told them to lift by the pinch weld jack points near the tires. Are there some suspension system where the service center can lift the entire car by via the suspensions. And are there some cars which they can't?
  2. chwala

    Calculate the speed of car for maximum economy

    This is the problem, This is the textbook solution ; i think the textbook solution is not correct! My thought, ##S_{max}## will be given by $$\frac {dy}{dS}=0$$ $$\frac {dy}{dS}=\frac {-1}{400}S+\frac {1}{5}=0$$ $$S=80$$ It is maximum economy because ##y{''}<0##, i.e by use of the second...
  3. J

    Understanding the Chemical Bonding in Tire Plug Repair

    This is one method to fix a tire with hole. I'd like to understand what happens mechanically to the tire belts and plies when plug method was used to fix the hole. This is part of a tire. Now imagine you push a tool into the hole (like in the video), would the belt and ply simply have...
  4. Father_Ing

    Car that undergoes non-uniform circular motion

    In the solution manual, it says that: the resultant of friction force is ##<= kmg##, hence $$m\sqrt{\omega_t^2 + (\frac {v^2} {R})^2} <= kmg$$ and from this equation, we will get $$v^2 <= R \sqrt{(kg)^2 -\omega_t^2}$$ which will make ##v_{max}^2= R \sqrt{(kg)^2 -\omega_t^2}## Finally, they...
  5. chwala

    At what time will bike and car be side by side again - Mechanics

    Find the question below; For part (a), i used the graph to find ##t=22## For part (b), i considered the points; ##(8,20)##, ##(13.333,20)## and ##(0,0)## it follows that, Area=##\sqrt {25.454(25.454-21.54)(25.454-24.036)(25.454-5.333)}## ##\sqrt {2842.58}##=##53.31## There may...
  6. chwala

    Find the distance between the car and the truck- Mechanics

    Find the problem and the solution below; Find my approach to the problem. Considering the motion of the car; ##v=u+at## ##33.333= 26.6667+30a## ##a=0.2222## Therefore it follows that, ##s##=## ut##+##\frac {1}{2}####at^2## ##s##=##(26.67 ×30 +(0.5×0.222×30^2)## ##s=900##metres The distance...
  7. chwala

    Find speed of the racing car as it crosses finish line - Mechanics

    This is a textbook problem (Mechanics). Attached find the question and respective solution. This is fine with me, i like trying different ways of solving math related problems. My approach is as shown below. Using the graph sketch It follows that, ##s##= ##(35×12)##+##\frac...
  8. Ineedhelpwithphysics

    Concept not understood -- Car tires pushing the car forward....

    Here is the picture (THIS ISN"T A HOMEWORK QUESTION JUST WANT TO UNDERSTAND A CONCEPT) I don't understand isn't the tire pushing forward not backward becuase of the friction, road is pushing back.
  9. brochesspro

    Relative Velocity of a Passenger Hitting the Dashboard in a Car Crash

    Where exactly have I gone wrong? I think it is the part where I assume that the person gains the deceleration of the car, but I have no other way to proceed in this case. Also please only use the equations that I have posted below, and it would help if you would not use the equation for...
  10. TheBigDig

    Forces acting on a car on an incline

    For part 1, I got ## tan \alpha = 1/30 ## ##\alpha = 1.9^{\circ}## ##mgcos(1.9) = 10774N## I'm a little thrown off by the second part. Are we supposed to assume that in the absence of friction, F = N and then substitute F = ma to solve for this?
  11. J

    I Car acceleration if resistance forces don't exist

    Let imagine that car with constant 500HP accelerate but resistance forces don't exist (aero drag,internal friction in engine and transmision,tyer rolling resistance etc etc..) neglect fuel loss over time.. From 0-100km/h take in 4sec and burn 200mL petrol Will car accelerate from...
  12. rudransh verma

    Car traffic producing shock wave

    I don’t get where exactly the lengths start and end in figure.
  13. J

    Kinematics chasing problem: Car vs. Motorcycle acceleration question

    Im for some reason getting 1.58 s for time. I found 1.75 m as the head start distance and then I do d=d so: 2.45t^2 = 1.75t^2 +1.75 but the answer for "a" should be 6.45s...
  14. O

    Car passing two markers, kinematics question

    i calculated the time difference between each marker, and using the first equation, i solved for V1. i then used this V1 as V2, time as the first marker (3.75) and used the second equation to solve for V1. is this method correct? can somebody please verify?
  15. unknown5174

    Building a mousetrap car for my engineering class -- Help please

    Summary:: My back wheel spins when in the air, but won't when on the ground, help! My car has two four inch wood wheels on the front and a 12 inch wood wheel on the back, they are securely attached to the axel and I have 1/2 inch ball bearings to connect the axel to the frame. My lever arm is...
  16. R

    Finding the velocity of a car in a different frame of reference

    Here's what I did so far. The velocity of the first car is ##v = v_0 +at## Frame of reference S = the road Frame of reference S' = the second car thus, v' is the speed of the first car in the frame of reference S' and v the speed in the frame of reference S. Here's what make me doubt. The...
  17. E

    B The Physics Behind Moving Opposite the Car: Exploring the Mystery

    I a car,why do you move back when the car accelerates forward. You move forward when the car accelerates backwards,You move right when the car turns left on a bent road, you move left when the car turns right on a bent road. What actually makes you move in the opposite direction of the car.
  18. T

    Conserving Momentum in Emptying a Freight Car

    $$\overrightarrow{p_i}=\overrightarrow{0},~\overrightarrow{p_f}=m_c\overrightarrow{v_f}$$ $$\overrightarrow{p_f}-\overrightarrow{p_i}=\int\limits_{t_i}^{t_f}\overrightarrow{F}dt$$ $$t_i=0,~t_f=\frac{m_s}{b}$$ $$m_c\overrightarrow{v_f}=\overrightarrow{F}\frac{m_s}{b}\Rightarrow...
  19. ZdMh

    Automotive Can I convert a combustion engine car to a hybrid car?

    Hello all, I'm thinking of converting my car to Electricity. I know that some internal systems have to change. Can that work? and how?
  20. K

    New car headlights -- Visual issues with oncoming cars

    In recent years, I found that many cars, I don't know if their headlamps are original or customized, the light is very bright or sharp, sometimes causing me to see temporary shadow in the eye like camera flash or even a little bit faint. In addition to yellow and white light there are also many...
  21. C

    350W car power inverter vs tiny generator

    I need to power a 350W thing inside the car. And I googled about it. What I learned was that there was a 100W fuse inside car lighter jacks so you can't run a 350W inverter. So I have some questions. 1. If you remove the 100W fuse and put a 400W fuse. Can the 350W power inverter sucked up the...
  22. M

    What is the relationship between weight of car, power needed and speed

    Hi, I'm working on a project to see if deliveries, pick ups, or both combined are better for the environment / more energy efficient / more time efficient. For example, (a) everyone collecting from a farm by bike, (b) vans bringing to supermarkets and then people collecting from supermarkets, or...
  23. organiclatte

    Air-to-Water Heat Exchanger - Car radiator

    I'm looking for a way to keep a liquid under 50°C. This liquid has a thermal conductivity of .1396 and a specific heat of 2.054 both at 40°C. and a constant energy source submerged in it ranging from 16KW to 17.5KW. I'm barely starting to read about this topic, according some forums, a car...
  24. T

    Automotive Speed of a car rolling down a hill

    This looks like a physics question but it's not; it's an automotive question. Suppose you had a car at the top of a gently sloped hill, a 5% grade. You start it and put it in neutral or drive and it starts to roll down. You never place your foot on the brake or the accelerator and suppose the...
  25. P

    Kinematics problem -- Calculating where a dropped stone will hit a car

    0=6-4.9(t^2) 0=-27,7t+Xo From the first equation, T= 1.10s From the second equation, (Xo/27,7)=t 0=6-4.9((Xo/27,7)^2) We solve for Xo = 30,65 Now, we have X=-27,7t+30,65 If t=1,10 Then , -27,7(1,10)+30,65=0,18 which is not equal to 0. Which means the stone hits the ground first. Is my answer...
  26. S

    Speed of train car when sand spilling out from it

    I have several confusion about this question: 1) Since the sand spilling out downwards, it means that there is change in momentum in vertical direction (before the sand spills and after the sand spills) but no change in momentum in horizontal direction so no net force in horizontal direction...
  27. H

    I How to weigh a car topped boat?

    I'm planning to build a 12 foot jon boat that will be car topped on our van. The rated loading on the roof racks is 165 lbs. To weigh the finished boat, I plan to do the following: Position the boat upside down in our carport. Stand on a bathroom scale and lift the front of the boat. Write...
  28. bob012345

    Is Wastewater Recycling the Solution to Extreme Drought?

    Due to the extreme drought, what is the minimum amount of water required to wash a small car such as a Corolla and how would you do it?
  29. A

    I How is static friction the centripetal force during a car turning?

    Hello, as you can see i am trying to understand conceptually how the tires during turning create a centripetal force. It was explained to me that as we turn the car tires, the tires similar to a ski or a wedge, now want to push the ground to the side and forward. If the ground was loose, this...
  30. Astronuc

    Will the Terrafugia flying car be the future of transportation?

    There once was a thread, a short thread, about a flying car. https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/flying-car.413351/ Move forward 11 years, and a Flying car completes test flight between airports https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-57651843 I wonder if they've tested in down draft, or...
  31. M

    Max Speed of a Car: A Math Equation Analysis

    Summary:: Question: a car of mass 800kg, 3600N driving force experiences resistive forces of 120v Accelerates from rest. Form equation and show max speed is 30 ms^-1, assuming driving force does not change. my attempt at a solution -I can not see how to rectify it as I don’t think I did...
  32. MaratZakirov

    Rail Car with a Sail in the Wind

    I solve the following problem, there is a particle of mass ## m_p ## and velocity ## \vec{v}_p ## which collide with sail installed on rail car with mass ## m_c ## resting in the frame of reference associated with it before the collision. The cart is fixed on straight rails for which the vector...
  33. R

    How to interpret the center of aero forces on a sports car?

    Hello. I am working on a physics project for a simulation title and have stumbled upon on an interesting challenge. Below is the example from wind tunnel data of a Dodge Viper GTS sports car. Wheelbase: 2,44m Lift front axle: 54kg Negative lift rear axle: 26kg Can somebody please explain to...
  34. L

    Engineering Give examples of mechanical power transmission failure and solutions for a car

    just want check if i got this right. is there anything i can improve or add on this example i have? Cause and why. A cause could be bending or twisting of the prop shaft due to high torque. High torque causes high angle of twist and torsion. The high torque cause high shear stress...
  35. G

    Troubleshooting a FET-controlled car tailgate

    Pressing the switch at (A) grounds the “U/T release request” pin of the ECU. The “U tailgate O/P” pin at (B) then changes state and signals the FET G170. The connector 586 pin 30 then goes high and powers the tailgate actuator at (C). If you follow the third pin of the FET, it appears to go to...
  36. russ_watters

    Auto/Motor Car Battery Charge Level Issue

    I drive a 2019 Kia Stinger (purchased in June, 2019) with 22,000 miles on it. It's been having weak battery issues for a while, and I've ignored it but I really shouldn't, so now I'm trying to diagnose it to see if I need a new battery, new alternator or if there is a deeper electrical system...
  37. H

    Car top boat loader: What is the lifting weight?

    BACKGROUND: I'm thinking of building a flat bottom Jon boat. We don't have room for a boat trailer so I want to load the boat on top of our 2019 Honda Odyssey van. Without a trailer, the boat can be stored on a side against our hollow tile wall. The dimensions of the boat will be: 12 feet...
  38. Mohammad Sakib

    Why the temperature of a car does not increase with velocity?

    We know temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy of molecules/particles of a system. Now if a car starts to move, its velocity increases so does its kinetic energy. Therefore all the molecules are gaining velocity too. Shouldn't this increase the temperatre as average kinetic energy of...
  39. barryj

    Calculating max acceleration of a Tesla car

    [Mentor Note: Two threads with similar titles merged] First calculate the equivalent force on the car from the max torque. An average tire is 15 inch diameter = about .2 meter radius Since T = F X R , F = T/R = 660/.2 = 3300 Newtons. since F = M X A, A = F/M = 3300/2083 = 1.6 m/sec^2...
  40. Lord Doppler

    Engineering Solving Car Suspension Modeling: Understanding Input Forces and Movement Types

    Hello, I'm trying to solve this problem but I'm confused with some things, is correct that in the system there are two input forces, the torque and u(t)? I assumed that the system has two free levels, which are the z displacement and theta (rotational movement), so the system has a linear...
  41. S

    HVAC Attic to Pool Heat Exchange, will car radiator collect heat?

    My attic gets very hot even with the exhaust fan I installed. I would like to move than heat to my swimming pool. I currently have a FAFCO solar pool heater where the pool pump pumps water up onto my roof and thru the 12' long solar panel and down back into the pool. I would like to free up roof...
  42. R

    Car passing a truck — calculating the relative motions

    The question was translated from finnish so apologies if everything doesn't make sense:) and please do tell if the equations are wrong.
  43. K

    I calculating maximum gradient climbing ability of my car

    I want to calculate maximum gradient ability of my car in 1st gear to reach an estimation number. The specification of the car is as follows: Max torque = 155 nm @ 4250 RPM Curb weight = 1200 kg 1st gear ratio = 3.454 Final Drive ratio = 4.52941 Tire radius = 0.298 (meter) Acceleration force...
  44. RoboRaptor

    A Car on a Banked Curve Moving in Uniform Circular Motion

    First I figured out the normal force being exerted on the car using the equation above. Cos(40°)*(1050*9.8) = 7883N Next, I tried to find out the horizontal component of the normal force by doing: Cos(50) * 7883 = 5067N I figured out the angle by using certain geometrical properties. Next, I...
  45. brotherbobby

    Brake mechanism in a car and pressurised oil

    (I must confess I couldn't get far, owing mostly to the term "an average distance (of 12 cm) from the axis". Axis of the (peached coloured) wheel at the center with the arrow pointing down? Is the arrow the location of the "axis" of the wheel? Let me see.) Objective : To find the oil pressure...
  46. R

    Finding Acceleration of a Car Where Crumpling Occurs (Momentum)

    80km/h = 22.2 m/s Through momentum: 1940(v_f) = 540 (22.2) + (1400)(-22.2) => v_f = -9.84 m/s I figured the work that the energy lost in a collision is equal to the work done to crumple the cars. So W = K_i - Kf = [1/2 (540)(22.2)^2 + 1/2(1400)(-22.2)^2] - 1/2(1940)(-9.84)^ 2 = 384110 J At...
  47. M

    MHB Testing the Assumption of Car Model's km/L Performance

    Hey! :giggle: Some people assume that a specific car model does at least $\mu_0=120$ km with $1$ Lt benzin. $10$ independent tests give the following results: $$104, \ 96, \ 80, \ 100, \ 108, \ 100, \ 112, \ 120, \ 130, \ 132$$ (a) Give the Null Hypothesis $H_0$ and the alternative...
  48. yucheng

    What's the error in my solution (Freight car and hopper)

    Textbook solution: ##v## is the instantaneous velocity, $$P(t)=(M+b t) v$$ Then $$impulse = \Delta P = (M+b t) v = \int^{t}_{0} F dt'$$ Thus $$v=\frac{F t}{(M + bt)}$$ What I did instead was: Let ##M## be the instantaneous mass, and ##M_0## be the initial mass, then $$M=M_{0} + b t$$...
  49. Frabjous

    Frost preferentially forms on non-vertical car windows?

    Going out to my car this morning, I noticed that frost preferentially formed on non-vertical windows. I can come up with three explanations 1) non-vertical windows are dirtier, providing more nucleation points 2) horizontal vs vertical boundary layer effect 3) gravity driven vertical diffusion...
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