Gain Definition and 401 Threads

Homework Statement Given the circuit below (image uploaded) driven at a frequency ##ω=2πƒ## show that $$|\frac{v_{out}}{v_{in}}|=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+(\frac{1}{ωτ_{l}}-ωτ_{c})^2}}$$ where ##τ_{c}=RC## and ##τ_{l}+L/R## Homework Equations ##Z_R=R##, ##Z_L=jωL## and ##Z_C=-j/ωC## where...

Homework Statement One of the hints to this problem says "An object in motion always gains kinetic energy, so the change in energy of an object starting from rest would be P = m(v^2) / (2t) I understand that a moving object has kinetic energy, but why did they say it gains kinetic energy (or...

Homework Statement What is the effect on the phase and gain margins of a system when a Phase Lead Controller/Compensator is added? Homework Equations I have designed the phase lead controller for the system so if anyone wants to see it, please ask The Attempt at a Solution I know, that in...

Homework Statement I was just wondering what was the general effect on phase and gain margins when a phase lead compensator was is added to a system. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution

OK. On datasheet of transistor 2N4401 there are many DC current gains (hFE). Which one is useful. I want to use it over 5V and 60mA.

"When your body runs out of glucose, it turns to fat for energy, which has 9 calories in every gram. This is a little more than double the amount in carbohydrates. Converting fat into energy takes longer than it does to convert glucose into energy, because fat must be first be broken down into...

Homework Statement Find the Bode Plot, and the phase and gain margins for the uncompensated system. Homework Equations G = (3.6s+6)/(s(.1s^2+.7s+1)) The Attempt at a Solution I understand the phase and gain margin ideas, but the gain margin hinges on the phase crossing -180 degrees, and in...

Energy efficiency related question: please help with an anwer to the following: Given a flat electrical coil of known dimentions, this coil is used as an induction coil, laid flat, on top of the cooking surface of an induction cooker. Basically, the induction cooker has a copper braided coil...

I am having a difficult time solving the question in Step 2 of the attachment. The question is "Use the equivalent-circuit model of the uA 741 to find: The voltage gain Av=vo/v1, the input resistance R1, and the output resistance Ro of the amplifier circuit. Attempt at solution: I used the...

If you have a satellite that is transmitting at X dbm to a ground station, will increasing the gain of your LNA allow the satellite to use less transmit power? It seems like you'd have to improve the SNR in order to increase BER or Eb/No... If you just increase gain of the LNA, then yes, your...

Homework Statement Does the voltage gain follows the a linear relationship when the switching frequency is 5 kHz? and does it still follow the linear relationship when it is 1k Hz? Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I am doing an experiment on this and I have found out that through...

1. Homework Statement Homework Equations Hi all. Lets start with subquestion a). How do i calculate the PEAK gain? The Attempt at a Solution I drew the small signal equivalent and calculated the gain: Av=vo/vi=-gm(ro//R=1kΩ//L//C) Is that correct? How do i now calculate the peak gain...

Hi guys, I have quick question about calculating the power lost in fluid flow. So imagine there is a simple setup as in the attached image, where you know the mass flow in and out, pressures at inlet and outlet and the temperature at the inlet. Is the equation to find the power lost or...

Hey guys & gals, a long time lurker here. For a variety of reasons I have failed to secure a PhD position that I wanted this year after finishing my MPhys degree in physics, so I decided to take a year away from studying, regroup, work towards publishing a paper and then come back with full...

I understand that we need to supply energy to counter the nuclear attraction when we remove electrons and that is the reason ionization energy is endothermic. However, why does an atom release energy when we add an electron to it? And also why do some elements( like the halogens) release more...

So here is the gist. I just completed my 3rd year of a 4 year Phys and Astro Masters at the University of Exeter, and for the second year in a row, me and all my course mates were passed over for internships because we lack experience (which we can't get because no one will pick us for...

Hey all! I have been trying this problem for a while and can't seem to get the same answer as the solution. If someone can tell me where I am going wrong, that would be much appreciated. I am very close to the solution, but I am missing a term in the denominator. Everything is shown below! Thank...

Homework Statement A heater with a variable power is surrounded by ice in a funnel. The heater is turned on on 70W and the ice starts melting. once the rate of dropping of droplets is constant. The mass of water falling is then calculated for 5 minutes and it is found that 0.26 g/s falls every...

I'm a novice studying laser physics and I came a across the condition for optical gain: \frac{N_2}{g_2} > \frac{N_1}{g_1} This is a basic set up where N_1 is the number of atoms in the lower energy state and N_2 is the number of atoms in the higher energy state. g_1, and g_2 are the...

When tossing a fair coin 1000 times a player correctly predicts 532 outcomes. Then I think I am right in saying that result is about + 2 Standard Deviations from the mean. sqr root 1000 x .5 x .5 = 15.81. 32/15.81= 2.02.However, if the results of the coin toss are given by a Net Gain/ Loss...

Homework Statement [/B] (a) Why does input intensity affect gain? (b) Derive the expression (c) Find saturation intensity in terms of input intensity Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution Part(a) Consider a narrow band radiation as an input, where its bandwidth is much smaller than...

A laser is amplified exponentially, with spectral intensity I (\omega,z) = I (\omega,0) e^{\alpha z} The small-signal gain coefficient is given by \alpha_{21}(\omega-\omega_0) = N^* \sigma_{21}(\omega-\omega_0) = N^* \frac{\hbar \omega_0}{c}B_{21} g_B(\omega-\omega_0) = N^* \frac{\hbar...

Homework Statement Calculate gain (u_o/u_i) for a differential amplifier with symmetric output. Both transistors have the same transconductance gm. Transistor output resistance r_0 is neglected here. circuit: http://sv.tinypic.com/view.php?pic=14cea8p&s=8#.VSf7Evl_vxM Homework Equations...

I need to know if my formula's are correct for current gain. Sorry for shakey drawing. I know beta would change the dc values slightly but for my prof. it's close enough. Beta AC = 70. DC Analysis VB = R1R2/R1+R2 VE = VB - VBE IE = VE/RE AC Analysis r'e = 25mv/IE Req = R1 || R2 Rout = RC ||...

Homework Statement Calculate ##R_S## given the expression: $$A_v = - \frac{g_m (R_L || R_D)}{1 + g_m R_S}$$ The parameters ##g_m = 1.292 \frac{mA}{V}##, ##R_L = 180 k \Omega##, ##R_D = 18 k \Omega##, ##A_v = 5 \frac{V}{V}##. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution My question is about...

Homework Statement Determine the input resistance using blackmans impedance formula. I know all the ressisor values, and transistor data. Homework Equations [/B] Blackmans impedance formula The Attempt at a Solution Our teacher has given us a example on how to find the open loop gain, but...

Homework Statement http://i59.tinypic.com/1smqlu.png I'm not sure how to calculate differential mode gain Homework Equations I know formuals for CMRR and Acm but not Adm CMRR = | Adm/Acm | Rb/Ra = (1-ε)Rd/Rc

Homework Statement FIGURE 9 shows the block diagram of the control of an electric heatingsystem. The heater is driven from a voltage-controlled power supply, the voltage V1 being derived from a potientiometer. The output temperature, θO, is subject to disturbances, θD, because of changes in...

2NO + O2 -> 2NO2 "Oxidation of NO" So a reactant - 2NO doesn't seem to lose an electron, it only gains an additional oxygen atom. So, I guess, oxidation is also gain of an oxygen? ...

Homework Statement Two electrons are held at rest 0.05[cm] apart. what is their relative velocity when they are 1[cm] apart. Homework Equations The potential V from a point charge: ##V=K\frac{q}{r}## The constant ##K=9\cdot 10^9## The work done to move from one point in the field to another...

Hello, Here need a suggestion on Unity gain buffer using op-amp 741. The output i need in the range according to change in LVDT sensor (resistive type). The output of the sensor is 35mv to 3.5 VDC. The circuit i build using op-amp741 as voltage follower where the output is given feedback to...

I tried using $\frac{1}{13}$ x 30 + $\frac{12}{13}$ x $\frac{47}{51}$ x -10 but it didnt work.

Can someone please help me understand how two-antenna method is used to measure gain of an antenna ? I could't even find literature on it, please if anyone could even suggest any document that would also be great. Thanks.

Are there any readily available op amps with built in resistors that give a fixed gain, say 5, 10, 50, 100 etc. A lot of times I need to boost a sensor output and I'm too lazy to find/solder resistors do it. I'd rather buy a bunch of pre-set amplifiers that are ready to be plugged in and...

I started thinking about this in answering a question on the QM forum on getting the speed of light from QED. Its a massless boson so must travel at the speed of light. Then I recalled that bosons can gain mass from the Higgs so the real reason is the photon doesn't interact with the Higgs...

everyone knows, E= MC^2 + PC^2 but does that apply to spinning objects? when i was small, i always was under an impression that you can create more gravity when you spin the object(well, not classical physics fast) i mean, the displacement is 0, so wouldn't the velocity= 0 and if really gets...

Homework Statement VOUT, they mean DC Homework Equations See picture, r0 is neglected also lambda (channel modulation) The Attempt at a Solution I calculate I DS with the formule given: 0.400*(0.5)²=0.1 mA IOUT = 5/25000 = 0.2 mA So the current source has got to be 0.1 + 0.2 = 0.3mA...

Homework Statement The schematic shows a low-pass filter identical to the one you built in studio. This filter uses a 60 k resistor and a 250 pF capacitor, and the input signal is at 30 kHz. (1 pF=10−12 F)...

hi, im new to the whole subject of particle physics. I've searched for a long time and couldn't find an answer to a very simple question. WHY PROTONS?? why did they spend 8 billion dollars to build a collider to collide protons? why not electrons for example? why do they think that colliding...

Basic leak in Rutherford's model of atom was that electron would emit energy while orbiting around nucleus and this energy loss would lead to electron's spiraling to the nucleus and collapse of both atom and atom model. Then Niels Bohr came with the idea that electron exists only in discrete...

Homework Statement Hi guys! I have a problem pertaining to the kinetic energy gained by a point charge from interacting with a another point charge. Here's the problem: A point charge of mass m1 and charge q is placed near another point charge with mass m2 and charge Q. Both charges are of...

Throughout my life, most of the things I've learned have come naturally, and seem to commit to memory without the need for much effort. However now while I'm in the process of self-studying math and physics, i find that i constantly seem to forget everything i learn and can only make progress...

Hi! Here is my task: For differential amplifier on scheme calculate voltage gains Av1=vout1/(vin1-vin2) and Av2=vout2/(vin1-vin2). MOSFET's M1 and M2 have same characteristics. MOFSTE's M3 and M4 have same characteristics. All MOSFET's are in saturation. Assume that gm*rds>>1. How to use fact...

Hi! Here is my task: Calculate voltage gain Av and current gain Ai for circuit on scheme . I don't know how to calculate Ai. I got that Av=-gm*rce*Rc*Rl/(Rc*Rl+rce*(Rc+Rl)) and it matches with solution given in my textbook. I know that Ai=Iout/Iin but which current is Iout? Ai should be...

Hi! Here is my task: Calculate Iout if all BJT's have identical characteristics with β→∞, work on same temperature in forward active mode. Use BJT exponential transfer characteristic. Since β→∞, IB for every BJT should be zero amps and IC=IE. Equation for BJT exponential transfer...

Is it possible for a Type 0 Open Loop Transfer function to have 0 steady state error? Context - Control System Gain design to meet a certain steady state error specification. The open loop T.F - G(s)=3/(s^2 +4s+3) (This is type 0 (n=0)) The closed loop T.F is Gc(s)=G(s)/(1+KG(s)), But my problem...

As well-known, the bacteria (particularly E.coli) can gain the resistance against antibiotics. In Wikipedia its mechanism is written: I would like to know: 1) Are there any OTHER mechanisms for gaining the resistance? Can the bacteria gain resistance when it has got antibiotic, LB broth in...

Homework Statement Find the input impedance. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Input impedance= R1. I don't get why we can ignore the other resistors. Problem 2 : Homework Statement Find the gain of the system...

Homework Statement For the differential amplifier circuit given above, for all transistors except Q1 and Q2 we have: β=100, VA=80 V, RC =20 k, VT=0.026 (Thermal voltage), VBE(on)=0.7 V a-Determine the collector currents IC1, IC2, IC3 and IC6 b-Calculate the Differential mode voltage...

I need to design a unity gain amplifier for a sample and hold circuit. I've decided to use the circuit shown in the attachment. Now I know the gain = 0.5(Gm2*R1)[(Gm3*R2)/(1 + Gm3*R2)]. The 2N7000 has a Gm of 0.1, so that gets me the values of R1 and R2. I don't know if these are good values to...