Gain Definition and 401 Threads

Hi I don't know if anyone here design tube power amps. I am calculating the gain of the class AB output stage of push pull tubes and output transformer. Class AB by definition has a small signal region that both tubes are working and is operating in pure class A. Only when input signal is large...

I am having a very difficult time verifying the equations for full differential amplifier. I literally read all the articles I can find from Google. Here is one of the question I think the paper by Jim Karki is wrong. The equation is equation (9). I verified the rest of the equation already...

Homework Statement The question is Derive an expression for the closed loop gain of the differential amplifier. I have solutions for these questions but the solution for this question is quite vague. Here is the solution: I understand part 1 and part 3, but part 2 I don't. So looking at...

Homework Statement Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I can't seem to figure out the answer. Apparently, the right method involves saying that Vs is actually equal to the voltage Vgs + voltage across R1. I don't understand how Vs could be voltage across R1? This is what I have so...

I am studying laser physics at the moment and there is something that confuses me. The laser output consists of the central laser mode and some axial modes due to constructive interference in the optical cavity. At first there is a high enough population inversion and while the laser works this...

Homework Statement [/B] Homework Equations Adiff(single-ended)= 1/2gm*ro||Rd β=R2/(R1+R2) The Attempt at a Solution I am really confused as to how to find A. I know the feedback of the circuits around the R2 and R1, but I don't understand how the open loop gain can be found. Can someone...

Homework Statement Predict how many electrons will most likely be gained or lost by each element: In this case, Gallium Homework Equations None (that I know of) The Attempt at a Solution [/B] I know that Gallium is a metal, and metals tend to lose electrons to become cations, so I will...

Hi, I have a 2nd order of sliding mode observer of the form: \dot{\hat{x}} = \hat{f}(x,t) + \delta f + \Psi(u,y) +[ \frac{d \Omega}{dx}]^{-1} \upsilon where ##\upsilon##: \upsilon_1= \alpha_1 \lambda_1^{1/2} | y_1 -\hat{x}_1|^{1/2}*sign(y_1 -\hat{x}_1) \upsilon_2= \alpha_2...

Hello, I got this problem but I don't know How can Find Heat loss (or gain) - Q3 - from the curved surface of the metal rod to the surrounding. This is the problem: A metal rod, of diameter (d) and length (L), runs between two hot walls at temperatures, T1 (Wall 1) and T2 (Wall 2)...

Homework Statement Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution [/B] My approach was to put them into phasor form and do a KVL loop. However I don't see how I'm going to get Vo/Vs in here? Vs = i(Z1) + i(Z2 parallel Z3) + Vo

hi, I read somewhere that if we increase the PID gains unnecessarily, it will cause more energy consumption of the controller and it will lead to noise and distortion in the practical. May someone please give me more explanation on this?? that how it lead to noise or distortion in practical??

I have an optometer, which I have used to measure the laser power (using integrating sphere and detector). My question is what does it mean with having the setting "auto gain" of 10? Should I have used a gain = 1? I did get results as I expected, but I am unsure what the gain setting means on a...

In a spectrum from an MCA (that is hooked up to a scintillator and PMT), does an increase in amplifier gain cause the peak to shift towards higher channels? I have a source and its really weak so while calibrating my detector, I had to turn the gain up way high to see a peak, but I'd preferably...

The above is a circuit i found on the net regarding amplification of volume. I needed to know if increasing the potentiometer resistance (between "cold" and "wiper"; terminal 1 and 2?) in the circuit would increase "volume" Also, i could use a potentiometer resistance ( between "cold" and...

Homework Statement Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I don't know how to calculate part C) of the question. I'm unsure what saturation of a transistor refers too.

Homework Statement So this problem is on Introduction to Electric Circuits 9th Edition (Richard C.Dorf) This asks me to express the gain of this circuit Vo/Vs by terms of the resistance of R. Homework Equations KCL, KVL, some ideal OP AMP characteristics... The Attempt at a Solution...

Homework Statement I'm considering a molecule made by three atoms, each a vertex of an equilateral triangle. Each atom has a covalent bond with its neighbours, sharing their only valence electron. I must estimate the energy gain when creating the molecule, using tight binding theory. Homework...

Homework Statement Finding closed loop gain and Ip and In current in op amp Homework Equations - The Attempt at a Solution I started by trying getting voltage divider for points between R1 and R2 as (R2/(R2+R1))Vs and between R4 and R5 similarly. And I'm not sure how to continue on. Any help...

Homework Statement I need to design a second order filter with unity gain. Homework Equations None - not taking component values into account for now. The Attempt at a Solution Is this a correct method of creating a 2nd order low pass filter with unity gain?

(I Live in Michigan - no power at home since yesterday, and likely not until Sunday - 4 days, because of high winds.) My software genius boss (really, he's very smart,) is trying to tell me that the reason that the power companies do not bury power lines, is because it costs money to push it...

Hi I am an electronics and communication engineer and hence doesn't know about heat transfer or termodynamics. I need to design a system using PID where I need to control the temperature of water in a boiler by controlling AC power to boiler heater. I don't have the datasheet of the heater. I...

Hello there, this isn't necessarily a homework question. I came across this qn during revision and didn't know how to solve it. Any help would be greatyly appreciated. The answer is 0.97 1. Homework Statement For the ideal OP-Amp in negative feedback configuration shown in Figure Q30...

I want to amplify my input AC,50Hz to 30 times. I just started to test the basic inverting amplifier, with R2=4.7K and R1=1K. I varied the Vpp from 1 to 5 and I observed, I am not getting the gain of 4.7. Why this is happening ? One more doubt that I have is I used 12V Vcc, so if the input is...

Homework Statement I need to find the gain in this question. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I know gain will be Vo/Vs. I did many calculations to end up with Vs being 0. Would this be logical? I know ideal op amps will have infinite voltage gain, so if you divide by 0 then it...

Homework Statement By Wien bridge oscillator (abbreviated as WBO below) I refer to this circuit where the op-amp is assumed to be ideal and the output is the voltage drained from the upper end of R3. What confuses me is that I hardly find a reference which explicitly states that a WBO has a...

Homework Statement Determine the Op amp gain of the following circuit. V1 = 1v Vo = 4 V Homework Equations A = Vo/ VI The Attempt at a Solution Using voltage division I determined the voltage for the node at the +ve terminal VI = V1(1k/ ([1000 + 1]k)) = 1/1001 V Vo = 4v Given Therefore...

A stock, in the first year, cost 128 dollars; in the second, cost 64... D - Price 1 - 128 2 - 64 3 - 32 4 - 16 If I buy 100,000 dollars of this stock @ 128 dollars / share, so, in the second year I will lost 50,000 dollars (50% of 100K). In the third... ok, ok, easy... When I buy stock, my...

How are the problem solving skills you gain from majoring in Physics and majoring in Engineering different? I have noticed that a lot of people think you get better at problem solving by majoring in Physics when compared to engineering, and I don't understand why. I mean, they both study the...

According to my professor's model answer for an assignment, when we derive the transfer function of an op amp circuit, we have a "K" value, which is the open loop gain of the op amp (I am not 100% certain), multiplied to the op amp circuit (1+R1/R2 for non-inverting amplifier for example). I...

Where is the laser gain located when we discuss about the laser-pumping light source?

Homework Statement An internally compensated op amp has a DC open-loop gain of 1,000,000 (V/V) and an ac open-loop gain of 40dB at 10kHz. Provide the expected gain in dB at 1kHz... Homework Equations Please help, I don't know what to use for an exact answer. The Attempt at a Solution Beyond...

Homework Statement [/B] You have two inflated balloons. You rub them against your hair and hang them as shown in the figure. The length of the strings is 50 cm and the angle between them is 50°. For each balloon, what is the percentage of atoms that are ionized? Provide a rough estimate. You...

I expect that others have already asked and answers this question but I could not find it with Google searches. My thought of this apparent antenna reciprocity violation is per below. Since antenna reciprocity states that an antenna will have same characteristics whether used a transmit...

[FONT=Arial]Hi, I am currently in the last year of sixth form and looking to go to university. However, I am unsure of which course to take since I equally enjoy learning about biology and physics. Biophysics, seems like it would be the ideal career for me but I am unsure of what pathways I...

So I have two sets, call it ##A## and ##B##. I also have a function ##f:A\rightarrow B##. By themselves, it does not matter (or at the very least make sense) to think of ##A## and ##B## as, say, groups (I'm not really thinking exclusively about groups, just as an example). For that matter, it...

How Carbon-14 effectively gains a proton but no electrons when decaying to Nitrogen-14...?

Homework Statement Calculating the open loop output Impedance at 1kHz and the open loop differential gain The Attempt at a Solution Here is the approach. INPUT STAGE: Q111 and Q112 Av1 = Rtot/2re, where Rtot is the total resistance of R117 and the input resistance of Q78 which is Rin. So...

Hi, Having a bit of trouble with this question: "Assuming a proportional controller is used, determine the gain to achieve a damping ratio of 0.5, for the following transfer function. Hence calculate the associated natural frequency and oscillation period. G(s) = -4(s+0.4) / s^2+1.6s+14." I...

I've been bothered about this for a while now. As a volleyball player, I am constantly looking for ways to increase my vertical. So, my question is: Will an increase in muscle mass decrease my vertical? On one hand, I am getting stronger and therefore should be able to push harder off the...

Hi, I want to operate my transistor as a switch. I am using this one Datasheet: http://www.farnell.com/datasheets/1868820.pdf In the data sheet, it says the DC current gain hfe = 110 which I am assuming that's for the linear operating region ?, so if my hfe is less than 110 then will it be in...

How can i calculate this plot (photon energy dependence of the optical gain (or loss = negative gain) of GaAs with the injected carrier density as a parameter? Show calculated plot based on this equation Given parameter: mc=0.067 me; (effective mass of electrons in conduction band) mv=0.48...

Homework Statement Determine the voltage gain Vo/Vi of the op-amp circuit Homework Equations inverting amplifer vout=-(Rf/Rin) x vin differential amplifer vout= (R2/R1) x (vo - vin) The Attempt at a Solution im really struggling to even get started with this one sorry for the limited...

Homework Statement assume β=200,Vt=26mV,Vbe(on)=0.7V Find the voltage gain Vo/Vs How to find the Rth , Vs ,then find the voltage gain? I try to draw the circuit diagram below Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution Vth=[R2/(R1+R2)]*15 Vth=1.63V Which method should I use to find Rth...

Homework Statement Find the voltage gain of Vo/Vi. I'm pretty confident I have this down now, but I'd be greatful if someone could confirm I have this sussed. Homework Equations For the inverting op amp: Vo= \frac{-R2}{R1}*Vi For the differential op amp: Vo= \frac{-R2}{R1}(V--V+) The Attempt...

Hey guys, I need confirmation on this. Since V=IR and P=IV...and V^2/R=P Lets say your body has a resistance of 2000 ohms and you get shocked by 120 volts. You receive 7.2 watts of power. Now let's step to the left and get shocked by 480 volts with the same 2000 ohm body. I now get 115.2 watts...

The question wants to know the gain of the this circuit, as well as a bode plot for the frequency response, and what type of filter this is when C1 is much greater than C2. Could someone double check my answers and assist in the bode plot? My attempt: For the Gain: If C1 is much greater...

Hi, I'm doing a module on quantum optics and lasers. Most of the texts and online source I have read simply state that 'population inversion is essential for amplification in laser operation'. My question is, why? Amplification/Gain is essentially the result of stimulated emission. Can't...

This is not directly a homework question, as I found the answer. The question did not specify that compartmentalization be used, but it was in the section of Cascaded Op Amps, and the general idea of the section is to compartmentalize such complex looking circuits into cascaded stages of...

Homework Statement Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution

Hey guys please help me on this... The text says that we have to alter the open loop gain in order to compensate an amplifier. The open loop gain should be reduced below unity before sufficient phase shift develop to cause oscillation in the amplifier at higher frequencies.. My question is why...