Legendre Definition and 202 Threads

(p-6/p)=(-1/p)(2/p)(3/p) Make a table, so at the head row you have p(mod24), (-1/p), (2/p), QRL+-, (p/3) and finally (p-6/p), with in the head column below p (mod 24): 1,5,7,11

Hi, Unfortunately I am not getting anywhere with task three, I don't know exactly what to show Shall I now show that from ##S(T,V,N)## using Legendre I then get ##S(E,V,N)## and thus obtain the Sackur-Tetrode equation?

Since ## p=73 ## in this problem, how should I prove that ## \sum_{r=1}^{73-1}r(r|73)=0 ##? Given that ## 73=1\pmod {4} ##.

Consider ## (999|823) ##. Then ## 999\equiv 176\pmod {823} ##. This implies ## (999|823)=(176|823)=(16|823)(11|823)=(4^{2}|823)(11|823) ##. Since ## (a^{2}|p)=1 ##, it follows that ## (4^{2}|823)=1 ##. Thus ## (999|823)=(11|823) ##. Applying the Quadratic reciprocity law, we have that ##...

hi guys I am trying to calculate the the potential at any point P due to a charged ring with a radius = a, but my answer didn't match the one on the textbook, I tried by using $$ V = \int\frac{\lambda ad\phi}{|\vec{r}-\vec{r'}|} $$ by evaluating the integral and expanding denominator in terms of...

Using the generating function for the legendre polynomial: $$ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} P_{n}(x) t^{n}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-2 x t+t^{2}}} $$ It's possible to expand the coulomb potential in a basis of legendre polynomials (or even spherical harmonic ) like this: $$ \begin{aligned} &\frac{1}{\left.\mid...

The problem has a hint about finding a relationship between ##\int_{-1}^1 (P^{(k+1)}(x))^2 f(x) dx## and ##\int_{-1}^1 (P^{(k)}(x))^2 g(x) dx## for suitable ##f, g##. It looks they're the weighting functions in the Sturm-Liouville theory and we may be able to make use of Parseval's identity...

I am trying to prove the following expression below: $$ \int _{0}^{1}p_{l}(x)dx=\frac{p_{l-1}(0)}{l+1} \quad \text{for }l \geq 1 $$ The first thing I did was use the following relation: $$lp_l(x)+p'_{l-1}-xp_l(x)=0$$ Substituting in integral I get: $$\frac{1}{l}\left[ \int_0^1 xp'_l(x)dx...

If you had legendre polynomials defined in ##L^2([-1,1])##, with ##||Pn_2||^2=\frac{2}{2n+1}##, show that for any polynomial with p a set of ##L^2([-1,1])##, with degree less than n, we have the inner product of ##P_n## and p = 0. Find the polynomials ##P_0,... P_4## Tried to use the integral...

Suppose p = a + bx + cx². I am trying to orthogonalize the basis {1,x,x²} I finished finding {1,x,x²-(1/3)}, but this seems different from the second legendre polynomial. What is the problem here? I thought could be the a problem about orthonormalization, but check and is not.

Note: $P_n (x)$ is legendre polynomial $$P_{n+1}(x) = (2n+1)P_n(x) + P'_{n-1}(x) $$ $$\implies P_{n+1}(x) = (2n+1)P_n(x) + \sum_{k=0}^{\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor} (2(n-1-2k)+1)P_{n-1-2k}(x))$$ How can I continue to use induction to prove this? Help appreciated.

In Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Legendre_polynomials, Section Reparameterization in terms of angles, I see this argument: Let ## x = cos\,\theta ## ## \sqrt{1 - x^2} = sin\,\theta ## This is also in Griffiths' Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. Why is this a valid...

As promised, here is the original question, with the integral written in a more legible form.

From Griffiths E&M 4th edition. He went over solving a PDE using separation of variables. It got to this ODE \frac{d}{d\theta}\left(\sin\theta\frac{d\Theta}{d\theta}\right)= -l(l+1)\sin \theta \Theta Griffths states that this ODE has the solution \Theta = P_l(\cos\theta) Where $$P_l =...

hello, I am trying (and failing) to verify / derive the result of the Legendre polynomial P11 (cos x) = sin x Griffiths Quantum chapter 4 Table 4.2 I figured it would not be too bad. I have attempted this 3 or 4 times trying to be careful. I keep getting sin(x) times some additional trig...

I apologize for the simplicity of the question. I have been reading a paper on the Legendre transform (https://arxiv.org/pdf/0806.1147.pdf), and I am not understanding a particular step in the discussion. In the paper, Equation 16, where ##\mathcal{H} = \sqrt{\vec{p}^2 + m^2} ##...

Hi all, In S. Weinberg's book "Cosmology", there is a derivation of the slightly modified temperature of the cosmic microwave background as seen from the Earth moving w.r.t. a frame at rest in the CMB. On Page 131 (1st printing), an approximation (Formula 2.4.7) is given in terms of Legendre...

Homework Statement _2F_1(a,b;c;x)=\sum^{\infty}_{n=0}\frac{(a)_n(b)_n}{(c)_nn!}x^n Show that Legendre polynomial of degree ##n## is defined by P_n(x)=\,_2F_1(-n,n+1;1;\frac{1-x}{2}) Homework Equations Definition of Pochamer symbol[/B] (a)_n=\frac{\Gamma(a+n)}{\Gamma(a)} The Attempt at a...

Question $$\int_{-1}^{1} cos(x) P_{n}(x)\,dx$$ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ my think (maybe incorrect) $$\int_{-1}^{1} cos(x) P_{n}(x)\,dx$$ $$\frac{1}{2^nn!}\int_{-1}^{1} cos(x) \frac{d^n}{dx^n}(x^2-1)^n\,dx$$ This is rodrigues...

using Rodrigues' formula show that $$\int_{-1}^{1} \,{P}_{n}(x){P}_{n}(x)dx = \frac{2}{2n+1}$$ $${P}_{n}(x) = \frac{1}{2^nn!}\frac{d^n}{dx^n}(x^2-1)^n$$ my thoughts $$\int_{-1}^{1} \,{P}_{n}(x){P}_{n}(x)dx = \frac{1}{2^{2n}(n!)^2}\int_{-1}^{1}...

hey i have doubt about Legendre polynomials and Associated Legendre polynomials what is Associated Legendre polynomials ? It different with Legendre polynomials ?

Hello everyone. The Legendre polynomials are defined between (-1 and 1) as 1, x, ½*(3x2-1), ½*(5x3-3x)... My question is how can I switch the domain to (1, 2) and how can I calculate the new polynomials. I need them to construct an estimation of a random uniform variable by chaos polynomials...

Hi all. So to start I'll say I'm just dealing with functions of a real variable. In my linear algebra courses one thing was drilled into my head: "Algebraic invariants are geometric objects" So with that in mind, is there any geometric connection between two orthoganal functions on some...

Hi PF! In MATLAB I'm trying to use associated Legendre polynomials of the 1st and second kind, widely regarded as ##P_i^j## and ##Q_i^j##, where ##j=0## reduces these to simply the Legendre polynomials of the 1st and second kind (not associated). Does anyone here know if MATLAB has a built in...

Homework Statement Hello, I have a general question regarding to coefficient matching when spanning some function, say , f(x) as a linear combination of some other basis functions belonging to real Hilbert space. Homework Equations - Knowledge of power series, polynomials, Legenedre...

We define the Legendre polynomial $P_n$ by $$P_n (z)=\frac{1}{2^nn!}\frac{d^n}{dz^n}(z^2-1)^n$$ Let $\omega$ be a smooth simple closed curve around z. Show that $$P_n (z)=\frac{1}{2i\pi}\frac{1}{2^n}\int_\omega\frac{(w^2-1)^n}{(w-z)^{n+1}}dw$$ What I have: We know $(w^2-1)^n$ is analytic on...

Homework Statement I am having a slight issue with generating function of legendre polynomials and shifting the sum of the genertaing function. So here is an example: I need to derive the recurence relation ##lP_l(x)=(2l-1)xP_{l-1}(x)-(l-1)P_{l-2}## so I start with the following equation...

I am studying the linear oscillation of the spherical droplet of water with azimuthal symmetry. I have written the surface of the droplet as F=r-R-f(t,\theta)\equiv 0. I have boiled the problem down to a Laplace equation for the perturbed pressure, p_{1}(t,r,\theta). I have also reasoned that...

Homework Statement Simplify $$\int_{-1}^1\left( (1-x^2)P_i''-2xP'_i+2P_i\right)P_j\,dx$$ where ##P_i## is the ##i^{th}## Legendre Polynomial, a function of ##x##. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Integration by parts is likely useful?? Also I know the Legendre Polynomials are...

Hi everybody, I'm trying to calculate this: $$\sum_{l=0}^{\infty} \int_{\Omega} d\theta' d\phi' \cos{\theta'} \sin{\theta'} P_l (\cos{\gamma})$$ where ##P_{l}## are the Legendre polynomials, ##\Omega## is the surface of a sphere of radius ##R##, and $$ \cos{\gamma} = \cos{\theta'}...

We know that the solution to the Legendre equation: $$ (1-x^2)\frac{d^2 y}{dx^2} - 2x \frac{dy}{dx} + n(n+1) = 0 $$ is the Legendre polynomial $$ y(x) = a_n P_n (x)$$ However, this is a second order differential equation. I am wondering why there is only one leading coefficient. We need two...

Homework Statement [/B] J(a, b, c;y)=∫aydx/√((x-a)(x-b)(x-c)), let a<b<cHomework Equations f(θ, k)=∫0θdx/√(1-k2sin2(x)), k≤1 The Attempt at a Solution This is an example from my study material, and I don't understand the first step they do. Let x=a+(b-a)t, dx=(b-a)dt Wait...what? Why? How...

Hello all, I'm reading through Jackson's Classical Electrodynamics book and am working through the derivation of the Legendre polynomials. He uses this ##\alpha## term that seems to complicate the derivation more and is throwing me for a bit of a loop. Jackson assumes the solution is of the...

let df=∂f/∂x dx+∂f/∂y dy and ∂f/∂x=p,∂f/∂y=q So we get df=p dx+q dy d(f−qy)=p dx−y dqand now, define g. g=f−q y dg = p dx - y dq and then I faced problem. ∂g/∂x=p←←←←←←←←←←←←←←← book said like this because we can see g is a function of x and p so that chain rule makes ∂g/∂x=p but I wrote...

In quantum mechanics, position ##\textbf{r}## and momentum ##\textbf{p}## are conjugate variables given their relationship via the Fourier transform. In transforming via the Legendre transform between Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics, where ##f^*(\textbf{x}^*)=\sup[\langle \textbf{x}...

Homework Statement Homework Equations and in chapter 1 I believe that wanted me to note that The Attempt at a Solution For the first part of this question, as a general statement, I know that P[2 n + 1](0) = 0 will be true as 2n+1 is an odd number, meaning that L is odd, and so the Legendre...

I just started learning Legendre Differential Equation. From what I learn the solutions to it is the Legendre polynomial. For the legendre DE, what is the l in it? Is it like a variable like y and x, just a different variable instead? Legendre Differential Equation: $$(1-x^2) \frac{d^2y}{dx^2}...

Source: http://www.nbi.dk/~polesen/borel/node4.html#1 Differentiating this equation we get the second order differential eq. for fn, (1-x^2)f''_n-2(n-1)xf'_n+2nf_n=0 ....(22) But when I differentiate to 2nd order, I get this instead, (1-x^2)f''_n+2(n-1)xf'_n+2nf_n=0Applying General Leibniz...

Homework Statement [/B] Find the Legendre Transformation of f(x)=x^3 Homework Equations m(x) = f'(x) = 3x^2 x = {\sqrt{\frac{m(x)}{3}}} g = f(x)-xm The Attempt at a Solution I am reading a quick description of the Legendre Transformation in my required text and it has the example giving for...

I am having trouble understanding the relationship between complex- and real-argument associated Legendre polynomials. According to Abramowitz & Stegun, EQ 8.6.6, $$P^\mu_\nu(z)=(z^2-1)^{\mu/2}\cdot\frac{d^\mu P_\nu(z)}{dz^\mu}$$ $$P^\mu_\nu(x)=(-1)^\mu(1-x^2)^{\mu/2}\cdot\frac{d^\mu...

Homework Statement Im trying to understand the Legendre transform from Lagrange to Hamiltonian but I don't get it. This pdf was good but when compared to wolfram alphas example they're slightly different even when accounting for variables. I think one of them is wrong. I trust wolfram over the...

Homework Statement Using the Generating function for Legendre polynomials, show that: ##P_n(0)=\begin{cases}0 & n \ is \ odd\\\frac{(-1)^n (2n)!}{2^{2n} (n!)^2} & n \ is \ even\end{cases}## Homework Equations Generating function: ##(1-2xt+t^2)^{-1/2}=\displaystyle\sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty...

How does (6.79) satisfy (6.70)? After substitution, I get $$(1-w^2)\frac{d^{l+2}}{dw^{l+2}}(w^2-1)^l-2w\frac{d^{l+1}}{dw^{l+1}}(w^2-1)^l+l(l+1)\frac{d^{l}}{dw^{l}}(w^2-1)^l$$ Using product rule in reverse on the first two terms...

Hello everyone, I'm working through some homework for a second year mathematical physics course. For the most part I am understanding everything however there is one step I do not understand regarding the steps taken to solve for the coefficients of the Legendre series. Starting with setting...

Hello friends. I need help to write the function x^3 as a somatory using the Legendre polinomials as base. Something like: f(x)=\sum^{\infty}_{n=0}c_{n}P_{n}(x) Basically is to find the terms c_{n}. But, the problem is that Legendre polinomials does't form a orthonormal base: \langle...

Homework Statement I'm not 100% sure what this type of problem is called, we weren't really told, so I'm having trouble looking it up. I'd really appreciate any resources that show solved examples, or how to find some! Anyway. For the solution to the spherical wave equation φ(t, θ, Φ) i)...

Homework Statement [/B] Change the independent variable from x to θ by x=cosθ and show that the Legendre equation (1-x^2)(d^2y/dx^2)-2x(dy/dx)+2y=0 becomes (d^2/dθ^2)+cotθ(dy/dθ)+2y=0 2. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution [/B] I did get the exact form of what the equation...

(I haven't encountered these before, also not in the book prior to this problem or in the near future ...) Show that the 1st derivatives of the legendre polynomials satisfy a self-adjoint ODE with eigenvalue $\lambda = n(n+1)-2 $ Wiki shows a table of poly's , I don't think this is what the...

Legendre functions $Q_n(x)$ of the second kind \begin{equation*} Q_n(x)=P_n(x) \int \frac{1}{(1-x^2)\cdot P_n^2(x)}\, \mathrm{d}x \end{equation*} what to do after this step? how can I complete ? I need to reach this formula \begin{equation*} Q_n(x)=\frac{1}{2} P_n(x)\ln\left( \frac{...

Homework Statement The polynomial of order ##(l-1)## denoted ## W_{l-1}(x) ## is defined by ## W_{l-1}(x) = \sum_{m=1}^{l} \frac{1}{m} P_{m-1}(x) P_{l-m}(x) ## where ## P_m(x) ## is the Legendre polynomial of first kind. In addition, one can also write ## W_{l-1}(x) = \sum_{n=0}^{l-1} a_n \cdot...