Legendre Polynomial Integration

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SUMMARY

The integral $$\int_{-1}^1\left( (1-x^2)P_i''-2xP'_i+2P_i\right)P_j\,dx$$ involving the Legendre Polynomials simplifies significantly due to their orthogonality properties. The expression can be rewritten as $$(1-x^2)P'_iP_k|_{-1}^1-\int_{-1}^1(1-x^2)P'_iP'_k\,dx+\frac{2}{2i+1}\delta_{ik}$$, where the Kronecker delta $\delta_{ik}$ indicates that the integral vanishes for $i \neq j$. Further simplification is achievable by applying Legendre's differential equation.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Legendre Polynomials and their properties
  • Familiarity with integration by parts
  • Knowledge of differential equations, specifically Legendre's differential equation
  • Basic concepts of orthogonality in function spaces
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of Legendre Polynomials, focusing on their orthogonality
  • Learn about integration techniques, particularly integration by parts
  • Explore Legendre's differential equation and its applications
  • Investigate the implications of the Kronecker delta in mathematical expressions
USEFUL FOR

Mathematicians, physics students, and anyone interested in advanced calculus or mathematical physics, particularly those working with orthogonal polynomials and their applications in solving differential equations.

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Homework Statement


Simplify $$\int_{-1}^1\left( (1-x^2)P_i''-2xP'_i+2P_i\right)P_j\,dx$$
where ##P_i## is the ##i^{th}## Legendre Polynomial, a function of ##x##.

Homework Equations



The Attempt at a Solution


Integration by parts is likely useful?? Also I know the Legendre Polynomials are orthogonal on ##[-1,1]##. Before simply trying integration by parts term-wise I was trying to see if the equi-dimensional equation ##(1-x^2)P_i''-2xP'_i+2P_i## could first be expressed in a more simple manner? Any thoughts?
 
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Just realized ##(1-x^2)P_i''-2xP'_i = ((1-x^2)P'_i)'##, and obviously the last term ##2P_i## instantly vanishes when ##i\neq j##. Then the above integral becomes $$(1-x^2)P'_iP_k|_{-1}^1-\int_{-1}^1(1-x^2)P'_iP'_k\,dx+\frac{2}{2i+1}\delta_{ik}$$ where I use the kronicker delta. Does this simplify further?

Edit: yes it does further simplify. Look at Legendre's DE. It's fairly straightforward from here on out.
 
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