Medium Definition and 365 Threads

I'm wondering if the speed of light in a medium other than vacuum is well defined. I explain myself: Say I am underwater and I create a laser pulse. I know that at any given time, the speed of the photons constituting the light is always c. However I also know that photons will get absorbed...

What is the explanation for the phase change of pie that occurs when a light ray gets reflected from an optically denser medium? This fact was demonstrated by the Llyod's mirror experiment, but what is the theoretical explanation for it? Thanks

Can sombebody help me where i can get the test procedure for cable sheat integrity test for medium voltage cable, as per IEC 60229 STANDARD?. and does anyone knows where i can get the free pdf of IEC 229?.. PLS . i need some help. thanks!

I have a 1l solution of Murashige and Skoog micro- and macro-nutrients. It also contains the vitamins and some hormones. The complete list is copied below. I emphasized the compounds that I think are the most unstable ones. Are the compounds listed autoclavable? I have anecdotal reports of only...

I remember my teacher saying that the medium that light travels through is the EM field , is this correct , if so then what is the medium that the electron , or neutrino or gluon travels through . Or what is the medium that a gravitational wave travels through .

In this following link: http://amasci.com/miscon/eleca.html#electron the author has mentioned that electrons are a wave medium through which energy can propagate. Is it true?

Use English to explain what this is showing. Also prove it!

Homework Statement A plane electromagnetic wave refracts in a nonuniform medium. The ray trajectory is known, y = a \left[ 1 - \left( \frac{x}{2a} \right)^2 \right] where a=const. a) Plot y(x) b) From the slope of the curve find the angle \theta \left( y \right) which the...

Homework Statement (1) A sound wave is traveling through air medium, if the medium is replaced by water, how that will affect the wavelength, frequency and speed of the wave ? (2) If the temperature of the air changed, how that will affect the wavelength, frequency and speed of the wave ...

I have a 3D graphics book, which gives the formula for absorption of radiance along a ray. I am trying to derive the details and would like to see if my derivation is correct. Let o(p) be the probability density that light is absorbed per unit length at point p. They give the formula as...

hey, I was just wondering if someone could give me an explanation about the following: 1. why, physically, does light travel at different speeds in different medium 2. why is the speed at which it travels through different media dependent of frequency, as is the case with dispersion...

Homework Statement What is the dB loss for a 3GHZ EM wave traveling through 2 meters of a medium with ϵ=1.5ϵ_0 and loss tangent = 9E-4? Homework Equations Umm...I'm actually not sure. I can't find anything really relating these things at all. The Attempt at a Solution My first...

Homework Statement A beam of light of frequency f is shot from point P in medium one ( refractive index = n ) to a point Q in medium two ( refractive index = N ) . Imagine a plane interface separates the two mediums. The perpendicular distance from P to the plane interface is a . The...

Hi, I was discussing a question with a Ph.D-student at my uni that neither him or the professor were able to answer. The situation is the following; Light enters a medium going from i.e. vacuum. We know that the energy of the photons in the vacuum is E = h\nu and we have the de broglie...

Here's the question: The transverse wave shown is traveling from left to right in a medium. The direction of the instantaneous velocity of the medium at point P is: A. no direction since v = 0 B. to the right C. upwards D. at an angle upwards and to the right E. downwards...

I recently learned about the Fizeau experiment, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizeau_experiment"]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizeau_experiment[/PLAIN] showing that light moves with a moving medium to an extent. However i was wondering what would happen with a magnetic field in a moving...

When a wave is passing medium containing discontinuities, I learned from Wiki, scattering means changing the direction from a straight trajectory, so does it include refraction, transmission and reflection? Does transmission means the part of wave that has passed the interface, and therefore...

Hi, As we know, "velocity = wavelength * frequency" and light will change its speed when it passes different types of medium. I wonder in velocity, wavelength and frequency, which one's change cause the others changing? Does its frequency change in different types of medium? or its wavelength...

I was looking at light sources Bending in Accelerating objects from this astronomy page http://www.astronomynotes.com/relativity/s3.htm" Then i began to wonder if this moving elevator was made of glass then the light would hit the glass and "move slower". Then if the glass was moving i was...

Since a string pulse get amplified when it enters a less dense medium such as from the thick heavy rope to a lighter string, why does not light do the same?

In the electromagnetism theory, the phase factor or constant (usually BETA) in wave propagation for lossy medium has the unit rad/m. I understood that it must be interpreted as the amount of phase shift that occurs as the wave travels one meter. However, differently of the attenuation...

A full bridge rectifier for 2A, 2000vdc is required. It is used for a capacitor charging circuit. A full bridge rectifier consists of 4 diodes in theory. But due to physical size limitations that i can install this item. Diodes that are above 3kV does not fit my sizes, so i have another...

Why electromagnatic waves do not require any medium for their propagation while other waves always require meduim for their propagation...?

Some one told me that ,by nature, flux an pass through any medium. Is it true? :rolleyes:

Homework Statement In the situations where a transverse or longitudinal wave is propagating through a medium, the medium moves. How do you determine the speed of the medium's motion? When is the medium's speed at a maximum? Homework Equations The speed of the propagating wave is v = frequency...

I was studying refraction and as I've heard and read, it occurs due to difference between speed of light in the rarer and denser medium. But isn't speed of light common for all observers? Please don't make fun of me if I've made a stupid mistake somewhere.

How to determine rarer & denser medium for light? As i read in one book, it's written that denser medium & rarer medium for doesn't depend upon density.For eg. steam has less density than dry air but the steam is denser medium & dry air is rarer medium for light.Before this i used to think in...

What is happening to a ray of light of a certain wavelength that passes through a transparent dielectric medium? Ex: Green light enters in a Bose–Einstein condensate, and slows down some. Than the light is coming out of the medium in free space. What will be the speed of the ray light and...

If we have a tank which full of water.Then,emitted the light into the tank.The speed of light is c/n . If we can run faster than c/n. We will run faster than light. Is it possible?

Why the speed of light decreases when it is in the medium? Thank you.

Greetings, I have been thinking as everything being particles and only appearing wavelike in double-slit experiments because they were in superposition. Now I am reading that they are really only waves. Waves in what medium? Thanks

A point charge inside infinite dielectric material 1. The problem statement, all variables and given known data A point charge is an infinite medium of dielectric material having a relative permittivity \epsilonr. <--- epsilon(sub r). Find the electric field vector and the potential function...

Homework Statement a) Assuming the presence of sources (J flux density) and (p charge density) , write out Maxwell’s equations in the time domain in terms of and only for a lossless, but inhomogenous medium in which ε = ε(r) , μ = μ(r). b) Derive the vector differential...

Homework Statement Light travels at different speed through different materials. If it travels at speed c1 in a medium of refractive index 1.2, what is its speed in a medium of refractive index 1.6 a. 1.3 c1 b. 0.67 c1 c. 2 c1 d. 1.7 c1 e. 0.55 c1 Homework Equations n=\frac{c}{v}...

In what medium do light, energy, and matter exist? I'm wondering what medium, material, substance do light, energy, and matter exist in. I'm not saying that I neccesarily think there is one, but I am wondering what the theories are in relation to our universe. Do these three things exist in...

An electromagnetic field, as a plane wave, has a known space-time dependence: E = E0cos(ωt-kx). In a transparent medium it is the same except for involving the refraction indices n. Now, let us look at the field in a moving reference frame - that with v = c/n. What solution is for the...

Let's say the speed of light in a medium is c'. Assume that the medium itself is moving at a very high speed v (close to c). What is the speed of light in the moving medium if a. light and medium are moving in the same direction. b. opposite direction (can the speed be zero or negative?) c...

A little question which I thought of today. I thought about what happened in a medium with Lorentz transformation. With a refraction index n, the speed of light is altered to c/n. However, as far as I can see now this shouldn't influence the Lorentztransformations, right? It's tempting to put...

I can't find a solution to these questions. Can someone help? 1. An algorithm to determine if a Sudoku puzzle is easy, medium, hard, or evil. 2. For every valid Sudoku puzzle, there exist at least one valid solution. True or false? Proof?

I have heard that the speed of light remains c even if it is not in a vacuum. the light bounces around in the substance a bit, so light appears to have slowed down. Is this true?

Hello, I have a question regarding page 241 of “Principles of Electrodynamics” by Melvin Schwartz. He is deriving the electric field inside a conducting medium as a function of position z; by summing the incident field, contributions from slices of material to the left of z, and from slices...

I know from my physics course that sound has a particular speed in any medium that it is traveling through, much like light. I have not learned, however, why this is so. I know that sound is simply a pressure wave traveling through air (or water or steel or whatever), but it doesn't seem...

I was reading a paper on yeast two hybrid, and I was wondering why a bait protein and GAL4 activation domain show growth on Leu- medium. I thought there should be no interaction since there is no prey protein?

In case of anisotropic medium the energy is flowing in a different direction with respect to the direction of light propagation .How can it possible ? If so,then in what form the energy is flowing ? How can I detect that energy is flowing in a different direction not the direction of light...

Could someone please explain how the speed of light, a supposed constant, can be slowed down in a medium? I checked Wikipedia and all they had to offer was this "In passing through materials, the observed speed of light differs from c. When light enters materials its energy is absorbed. In...

Homework Statement The critical angle of refraction for calcite is 68.4 (degrees) when it forms a boundary with water. Use this information to determine the speed of light in calcite. Homework Equations n=c/v n= Index of refraction c= Speed of light in a vacuum v= Speed of light in...

http://www.physlink.com/estore/cart/Hydro-Clock.cfm I think it just uses the fluid as a medium to transfer electricity from an internal battery, my friends aren't so sure. Any thoughts on this out there?

I am studying Poynting vectors. I run into question that I don't see any good explanation in all the books I have. All the books claimed E_{(z,t)} =E_{(z=0)} Re[e_{j(wt-\beta z)} + \Gamma e_{j(wt+\beta z)}] But sinse E0 is complex so this is what I have and is not equal to what the...

This has always puzzled me and nobody (professors, textbooks) ever seemed to elaborate on it (maybe it is very simple and I merely didn't catch on). Anyway, I understand that when a wave passes through a medium, the individual particles of the medium are briefly displaced from their...

Don't know if this is the correct forum. While we know that light's phase velocity in a linear medium with refration index n is c/n, what can we say about signal's velocity? If I switch on a laser inside the medium (let's say glass) at t = 0, when will the first photon arrive to a detector...