Water Definition and 1000 Threads

Would you able to tell me what’s the ideal angle Of a curved glass in order to Magnify an object inside an aquarium to the maximum. Also what would be the ideal distance of the object inside the aquarium. Sorry if I didn’t explain myself properly. I‘m hopeful somebody would be able to explain it...

Hello everyone, I'm just doing a bit of review of math to be used in electrolysis calculations. From the reference: https://www.ccmr.cornell.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2015/11/Saucedo_Skyler_splitting-water-with-electricity.pdf the result for r12 on page 4, the author has 1.5 * 10e-11 m...

Hello, I have built a device and i want to test different types of nozzles. Problem is; the size of the nozzles i need are hard to find in company stock. So i need to make sure before i make any order. I have no background or degree any related area so it is hard to understand the equations...

the entropy change for a reversible adiabatic process is zero as it remains constant. Is this a reversible process? assuming T1>T2: hot (h) water has mass M, temp T1 cold (c) water has mass nM, temp T2 let the final temperature be Tf if δQ=0 as the process is adiabatic, |Qh|=|Qc| so Qh=-Qc...

Suppose we have a copper wire, of resistance R, and we introduce it in water, when applying now a certain potential difference between the two ends, will the intensity that circulates through the wire be the same, and therefore also the resistance ?, is there going to be a potential drop due to...

Homework Statement:: Simualte the behaviour of water around an mhd inductive thruster Relevant Equations:: https://www.comsol.fr/paper/download/45837/Pintus.pdf Where can I start this simulation ? What is the required software ? [Mentor Note -- thread moved from the technical forums]

Recently I viewed the Searaser video at After watching it, I feel the numbers given in the video could be wrong but not sure. So I'd like to know how I can calculate the amount of water pushed by the Searaser device at some height in one wave shot e.g. at 100 ft, 200 ft and 300 ft above sea...

I assume the water to start flowing from rest at position 1, hence ##v_1 = 0##. Applying the continuity equation, ##A_1 v_1 = A_2 v_2##, we find the (wrong) result that the velocity at position 2 is ##v_2 = 0## also! (We assume that ##A_2## is small but finite) Hence, to answer the question...

We understand that the crucial thing about the problem is that the volume of water present in the three containers are not the same. Also, we note that in each case the weight of the container is the total weight of its contents. (A student might be confused as to why should be so - after all...

Hi,i want to calculate the speed of sound in water Containing Chlorine : 4mg/L in 1L distill Water Chloroamine : 4mg/L in 1L distill Water Florides : 0.5mg/L + in 1L distill Water Copper : 0.005mg/L + in 1L distill Water Lead : 1.3 mg/L in 1L distill Water Can you please help in...

Does anyone have internal schematics (or illustration) how this thing work inside? Like how water flow can activate the conduction to the two wires connected? https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01MU3KQCD/?tag=pfamazon01-20

Hello! I wait for the tram in a shelter. The roof of the shelter is made of transparent material (glass like). Leaves fall onto the roof and remain there in early winter during the first freeze. If there are no leaves on the roof (recently cleared by wind), the ice freezes with no...

I assumed a uniform distribution of charge within the droplet such that ##E = \frac{q}{4\pi\epsilon_{0}r^{2}}## at the outside surface. I then said that the pressure acting at the surface would be the force on a charge element ##dq## within an area ##dA## on the surface, divided by the area...

Assuming water to flow out of the pipe with the same speed as inside and the thickness of water column ##h_{ab} = h_{cd} = h##, my answer would be ##\mathbf{(P_b = P_c) > (P_a = P_d)}##. My reasoning is as follows : at positions ##a\; \text{and}\; d## the gauge pressure is 0 and the total...

Hello all, I need Your help with one real / theoretical situation. We have submerged pipe filled with air at atmospheric pressure that is closed on both ends. The hole is formed on one pipeline end and the water starts flooding the pipe. Let's assume pipe is tilted somewhat and that no air...

Hi there, I have a few interesting problems that I have been exploring for a while now, but i quickly get beyond my level of knowledge of physics, so wondered if members of this Forum may be able to assist. One of the projects that we have been trying to solve is how to maintain a decent quality...

So I've observed the animal I am studying dry it's self (a survival mechanism called anhydrobiosis) to avoid freezing (laseration by ice crystals). Life forms given time produce a number of protectants in order to survive. Trehalose a sugar is produced to 2-4%. This will act as an antifreeze to...

I have conducted an experiment involving projecting a laser beam onto a surface and observing speckles that move relative to us. Those speckles become less visible (maybe smaller?) when the surface is smooth and that is especially the case with milk. I have dyed milk and water to see whether in...

##dmL_f= Q \; \; ##,##∆T=\frac{T(v_l-v_s)∆P}{L} \; \;##,##\frac{dmL_f}{T_0}= dS_2 \; \;##,##\frac{dmL_f}{T_1}= dS_1 ##

I am trying to model an evaporator which evaporates water to steam in Matlab/simulink. Are there any governing equations i need to know and follow when modelling the evaporator mathematically? Please let me know.

Hi, Its my first time here in PF, I was wondering what could be a fast endothermic reaction(with water) that does not burn the skin/ cause severe allergic reactions when/after touching or in contact with the reaction. (With high rate of cooling and hopefully no bubbles or gas forming). E.g to be...

Was curious if induction water heaters were a thing and if they had any benefits over a traditional electric resistance coil. On quora someone argues that a resistance coil is a near perfect conversion of electricity to heat, therefore no benefit to induction - is this correct? Is the...

I am interested in showing a visualization of water molecules in a time-varying electric/magnetic field as part of my PhD work. I would like something like this visualization: , but with an external time-varying field applied. At first, I thought of simply animating water molecules...

This is a past exam paper Q. I think i might be missing info though. For i) i use q=UAdT A= 35m2 dT= (80-20) They haven't given U but if i know answer should be 1,050W So if i set U to 0.5 (0.5)(35)(60) = 1050W Am i missing something or could I calculate U with the info given? Also ii) Use...

I could not unserstand part d.Does problem ask about plane's speed immediately after it starts to drop water or after the water is dropped completely?

https://www.wired.com/story/a-bizarre-form-of-water-may-exist-all-over-the-universe/ Black iceI knew the Black Ice Theories since around 1990 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1114-6 -- Demontis, P., LeSar, R. & Klein, M. L. New high-pressure phases of ice. Phys. Rev. Lett. 60...

Consult a physical problem that USES piston to absorb water: Pistons with surface areas S1, S2 and S are placed horizontally at the same height (H). S1 = S2 S=S1+S2 When F starts moving to the left, how do you calculate its force? Is F=ρgHS? (*The friction force doesn't have to be calculated.)

Assume a jet boat or personal water craft (JetSki, etc) has a movable propulsion nozzle. This nozzle can be moved vertically so that the water jet driving the boat forward can be either above the surface or below the surface of the water. Further clarification. You are speeding along on your...

I've worked out that half of the steam must condense (since the pressure of the steam needs to remain constant for the forces on the massless piston to balance). Also, if the total volume of the container is ##V##, the work done on the system equals ##\frac{P_{atm}V}{4}##. When half of the steam...

Hello all I was hoping someone could help with understanding how fluids level out under atmospheric pressure. For example:- Below is a picture of a tank of water with a closed door at the bottom, the door leads to an inclined pipe that is closed off at the end there is another pipe connected...

So I'm playing around with some water rockets and I'm trying to figure out how fast the exhaust velocity of the water is. I've had an experimental approach using high fps camera to record and analyse (using tracker) the exhaust velocity. I'm using a 0,5 l soda bottle with 0,085 L ; 0,135 ; L...

Hey all, I've come here to seek out some help creating the perfect espresso brewing water. I've done some research, and I think I've reduced it down to a chemistry problem. I'll be starting with distilled water and adding minerals, some 'hardness' and an 'alkalinity buffer.'First, here's the...

Hello 4m3/min is 240m3 /hr. Temperature is 293K, at 25C the amount of water is 22.8g/m3 and at 20C it is 17.1g/m3. Relative humidity is 70% and absolute pressure 9bar. Solution: @ 25C relative humidity lowers the water content from 22.8 to 15,96g/m3 so in total 3830.4g/hr 240m3 or air is...

Hello all, I was hoping someone could help me calculate the moment a tank wall experiences. I have the following question:- Tank contains water with dimensions: 4m Wide 12m Long 3m Tall Determine the moment at the bottom of the long side at its centre. I have drawn a sketch of the tank and...

The equation that we saw in class is for a continuous charge distribution, I think that for this exercise I need to treat the system as a discrete charge distribution but I'm not sure. Also, I don't know how I can calculate the intensity of the electric field needed to move this charge.

I converted dm3 to m3, all the degrees to kelvins and found out the specific heat constants of iron and aluminium (0,45 and 0,91 KJ/kg K), but now i am failing to understand how this was supposed to be calculated. The equation given doesn't really help, as there are two unknowns in it: Q and the...

I have a copper cylinder that is at 0C, how much time will be needed for it to equilibrate with 10kg of water at 75C? Copper cylinder: Mass: 105.7 g Specific heat: 0.385 J/gC Initial Temp: 0C Final Temp: 75C ish SA: 25 cm^2 Water: Mass: 10000g Specific heat: 4.184 J/gC Initial Temp: 75C...

I have a house where water enters from the street in a 1" PEX line, which comes up from the slab inside a closet. No other permanent plumbing is yet installed. I want to install a shut-off valve, a pressure regulator, pressure valve, and a sediment filter. I'm also considering installing a...

Is there a well-known system that can collect small quantities of water from air, like maybe 6 oz/day? Should take up at most a cubic foot

A boat goes upstream for 3 hr 30 min and then goes downstream for 2 hr 30 min. If the speed of the current and the speed of the boat in still water are 10/3 kmph and 15/2 kmph respectively, how far from its original position is the boat now? With reference to ground, the water travels...

So there's a website here: https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cells/scale/ That shows the scale of various entities (coffee bean, viruses, a carbon atom, a water molecule etc). It says that the carbon atom is larger than the water molecule. This is based on the 'van der waal radius'...

Imagine a container of salt water at 0V (Relative to ground),Now you've put in it 2 electrodes,one at +500V (Electrode A), The other at +250V(Electrode b), Normally positive ions should go to the negative electrode , and Negative ions should go to the positive electrode , But in our example the...

I happened to be watching this cartoon and this one scene seriously bothered me... This... just feels like it wouldn't be a workable solution. Am I wrong? I can't say I perfectly understand how fans or propellers work, but I would imagine that by pushing air or water in one direction, equal...

I've my small incursion team entering a 10 foot diameter water outlet pipe using electric sleds for propulsion and was wondering about sensors in the pipe detecting them. They're wearing suits that mask their IR, but what about noise? The pipe flow is 3.18086e+07 l/h with a 1.25 m/s current...

I don't really know where to start as this is not exactly my homework and I finished school some 15 years ago. I looked into my old high school notes, the last time I ever had anything about mechanical waves and sound. Unfortunately, we never learned anything about sound waves causing...

I've bought a cleaning agent which advertises that it contains "sodium bicarbonate and electrolyzed water"and is "different" from normal cleaning detergent. In fact, what is the home use of such chemicals??

Before this question, the questions were about the Clapeyron equation, and how to estimate ##\Delta s##. I'm completely put off by this question however, and don't know where to start. I've found that the triple point of water is at ##0.01°C##, and there is indeed data in the table for...

Hello Community I was hoping someone could me with the following question:- A rectangular tank contains water. It is 12m long, 4m wide and has a height of 3m. If the tank is full determine:- 1) The Force on the long side 2) The Force on the short side 3) The moment at the bottom of the long...

for a)##\Delta S=\mp \int_{T_i}^{T_0}\frac{C(T)}{T}dT## and ##\Delta S_{th}=\int_{T_i}^{T_0}\frac{dQ}{T_0}dT## so ##S_{univ}=\Delta S_{th}+\Delta S##. What is ##dQ## equal to ? I don't know how to answer question b). Thank you for your help.