A wave is a disturbance or vibration that travels through a medium, transferring energy from one point to another without the actual movement of matter.
The phase of a wave refers to the position of a point on the wave at a specific time. It is described in terms of degrees or radians and represents the fraction of a complete cycle that has elapsed.
The velocity of a wave is affected by the properties of the medium it travels through, such as density and elasticity, as well as the frequency and wavelength of the wave.
The velocity of a wave can be calculated by multiplying the frequency of the wave by its wavelength. The formula is v = f x λ, where v is velocity, f is frequency, and λ is wavelength.
There are several types of waves, including mechanical waves, such as sound waves, and electromagnetic waves, such as light waves. Waves can also be categorized as transverse or longitudinal, depending on the direction of the wave's oscillation in relation to the direction of its propagation.