Calculating LHC Forces on a Proton

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the inward radial force required to maintain a proton's trajectory in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at 7 TeV, with a Lorentz factor of 7500. The radial force formula is confirmed as mv²/r, where m is the relativistic mass. The calculated inward radial force for a proton is approximately 2e-6 Newtons, leading to a total of 50 kN for two beams of protons. Additionally, the weight of the dipole magnets is estimated at 4000 kg/m, necessitating secure bolting to prevent tipping.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of relativistic physics and Lorentz transformations
  • Familiarity with the concepts of radial and tangential forces
  • Knowledge of bremsstrahlung radiation and its effects on particle acceleration
  • Basic principles of particle accelerators, specifically the LHC
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the implications of bremsstrahlung radiation on particle dynamics
  • Explore the calculations involved in determining relativistic mass
  • Investigate the design and stability requirements for dipole magnets in particle accelerators
  • Learn about the Lorentz factor's role in high-energy physics experiments
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for physicists, engineers working on particle accelerators, and students studying high-energy physics, particularly those interested in the mechanics of proton acceleration in the LHC.

teve
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I posted an LHC question a while back but did not get a reply. I'll ask a somewhat different, simplified and more specific question. I hope I am asking the question correctly.

How much inward radial force is needed to keep a proton going in a 27 km circular path at 7 Tev or a Lorentz factor of 7500? What is the relativistic formula for it? Is it just mv^2/r with m being relativistic mass?

Supposedly the proton will slow down since it radiates as it is accelerating circularly, so a tangential force behind it is also needed to keep it at 7 Tev. What is this force and the formula for it?
 
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Hi teve,

There was a recent thread by upurg which addressed the radial component of the question:
https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=466305

Wrt the tangential force required, I don't know the answer there. I guess you could look into bremsstrahlung radiation and find out what direction it points and how much energy it has, then you would have to correct for that with incoming radiation of equal 4-momentum.
 
DaleSpam said:
There was a recent thread by upurg which addressed the radial component of the question:
https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=466305

The last post of that thread suggests the radial force is just mv^2/r, but the velocity is multiplied by the Lorentz factor. Is this correct?

Then with the LHC Lorentz factor 7500 and radius 4300m, the radial force on a proton is
((1.67e-27)(7500c)^2)/4300 = 2e-6 Newtons. For 2808 bunches with 1.15e11 protons each (from wiki) and a 27km circumference that's about 25 kN/m of inward radial force. That's 50 kN for 2 beams.

I roughly estimate the weight of the dipole magnets at 4000 kg/meter. From further rough calculations I find that the dipole magnets have to be bolted down or they could tip over (if they were free standing). Is that right?
 

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