The estimation of carbon (C), sulfur (S), silicon (Si), manganese (Mn), and phosphorus (P) in cast iron and steel varies significantly based on the material grade. Cast iron typically contains 2% or more carbon, while carbon steels have phosphorus levels ranging from 0.035% to 0.040% and sulfur from 0.040% to 0.050%. Stainless steels show slightly different ranges, with phosphorus at 0.040% to 0.045% and sulfur at 0.030%. Cast iron, such as ASTM A159, can have higher limits for phosphorus (up to 0.12%) and sulfur (up to 0.15%). Understanding these compositions is crucial for material selection and application in engineering.
