To calculate mass from force when acceleration is zero, it's essential to recognize that the force exerted by the book (19.6 Newtons) is its weight, which is the product of mass and gravitational acceleration. The equation M = Force/Acceleration cannot be directly applied since acceleration is zero, indicating that the net force acting on the book is balanced. The discussion emphasizes the importance of understanding that the weight of the book equals the gravitational force acting on it. A free body diagram can help visualize the forces at play, confirming that the gravitational force is countered by the normal force from the desk. Ultimately, the mass can be derived by recognizing the relationship between weight and gravitational acceleration.