How does electron in a piezoelectric material flow to produce electric

In summary, piezoelectric materials produce electricity through the deformation of their structure, creating a non-zero dipole moment. This movement causes electrons to flow from higher electronegativity to lower electronegativity, resulting in an electric current. The material must continue to deform in order to maintain a constant current. Further understanding of this process can be found in various studies and theories, such as the first principles theories and piezotronics.
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kevin_tee
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How does electron in a piezoelectric material flow to produce electricity? I read about piezoelectricity but I don't know exactly how it works. When stress is apply to piezoelectric material, the structure deform and create non-zero dipole moment and then what happen? How does electron flow? Does electron flow from higher electronegativity to lower electronegativity and why piezoelectric material must keep be deforming to produce electric current, can it just deform and keep it in that shape to produce constant electric current? So simply, I don't know how electron flow from where to where inside piezoelectric material. Thank you.
 
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See if these references help:

First Principles Theories of Piezoelectric Materials
http://arxiv.org/ftp/cond-mat/papers/0702/0702686.pdf

Theory of Piezoelectric Materials and Their Applications in Civil Engineering
http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/66839/757753448.pdf?sequence=1

Fundamental Theory of Piezotronics
http://nanoscience.gatech.edu/paper/2011/11_AM_02.pdf

http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-042299-150134/unrestricted/Chapter2.pdf

http://www.sonustc.com/la_zh/upload/DownFiles/TD/Piezoelectric_Theory.pdf
 
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Thanks for reply, I will take my time reading it.
 

1. How does the piezoelectric effect work?

The piezoelectric effect is a phenomenon in which certain materials, such as crystals and ceramics, produce an electric charge when they are subjected to mechanical stress. This is due to the arrangement of atoms within the material, which allows for the displacement of electrons when the material is deformed. This displacement of electrons creates an electric current, which can be harnessed for various applications.

2. What is the role of electrons in the piezoelectric effect?

Electrons play a crucial role in the piezoelectric effect. When a piezoelectric material is subjected to mechanical stress, the displacement of its atoms causes a shift in the distribution of electrons, creating an imbalance of charge. This imbalance leads to the flow of electrons, which produces an electric current. Without the movement of electrons, the piezoelectric effect would not occur.

3. How does the flow of electrons in a piezoelectric material produce electric energy?

The flow of electrons in a piezoelectric material can produce electric energy in multiple ways. One way is through the direct piezoelectric effect, where the mechanical stress applied to the material directly generates an electric current. Another way is through the converse piezoelectric effect, where an electric field is applied to the material, causing it to deform and generate an electric charge. Both of these processes can be harnessed to produce electric energy.

4. Can any material exhibit the piezoelectric effect?

No, not all materials can exhibit the piezoelectric effect. Only certain materials, such as crystals and ceramics, have a specific internal crystal structure that allows for the displacement of electrons and the subsequent production of an electric charge. Other materials, such as metals and plastics, do not have this internal structure and therefore cannot exhibit the piezoelectric effect.

5. Can the piezoelectric effect be used in everyday applications?

Yes, the piezoelectric effect has many practical applications in our everyday lives. It is commonly used in devices such as microphones, speakers, and sensors. It is also used in medical imaging equipment, such as ultrasound machines. Additionally, the piezoelectric effect is being researched for its potential use in energy harvesting, where it can convert mechanical energy from sources like footsteps or vibrations into electric energy.

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