Capacitance (C), resistance (R), and the time to fully charge a capacitor are interconnected through the charging equation V = q/C + RI, where V is voltage and q is charge. The current (I) can be expressed as the rate of change of charge over time (I = dq/dt), allowing for integration to determine charging behavior. The discussion highlights the importance of understanding these relationships to analyze capacitor charging in circuits. The concept of "fully charge" refers to the point where the capacitor reaches its maximum voltage. Overall, the relationship between capacitance, resistance, and charging time is crucial for circuit analysis.