To calculate the time it takes for light to travel 54 cm through glycerine, the speed of light in glycerine must be determined, which is approximately 2.1 x 10^8 meters per second. The time can be calculated using the formula time = distance/speed. The discussion emphasizes that the aquarium's environment, including air and glass, does not significantly impact the calculation for light traveling solely through glycerine. Therefore, the focus remains on the properties of glycerine for this specific calculation. Understanding these factors is crucial for accurate results.