Problem with understanding Babinet's principle

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SUMMARY

This discussion centers on the confusion surrounding Babinet's principle in optics, specifically regarding the diffraction patterns produced by a single slit versus an obstruction of the same width. The user highlights a perceived paradox where both patterns exhibit destructive interference at the same points, suggesting that the sum of these patterns should yield a uniform illumination, contradicting the expected outcomes of unobstructed light. The resolution lies in understanding the roles of amplitude and phase in wave superposition, which clarifies the behavior of light in these scenarios.

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  • Basic knowledge of wave interference and diffraction patterns
  • Familiarity with the concepts of amplitude and phase in wave mechanics
  • Knowledge of monochromatic light behavior
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I'm having some trouble with understanding Babinet's principle, which in a simple case should imply the following:

''If I send light through a single slit, then I observe a certain diffraction pattern at the screen. Now I replace the slit with a single obstruction of the same width as the slit, let's say a hair. Then, except for the central spot, the minima and maxima should be on exactly the same places as for the slit.''

This doesn't make sense to me at all. This would mean that BOTH patterns will have destructive points on the same place. The sum of the two patterns should result in the pattern that one would obtain without ANY obstruction at all. If I take the sum of the two forementioned patterns, I will still have destructive points since they were on the same place. However, an unobstructed wave should have no such destructive points.
 
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The slit by itself produces a min-max pattern. Same with the hair. So you know the sum of the two must give you a totally even illumination pattern, as you say (superposition principle).

So, what is there that could cause this paradox? Hint: a monochromatic wave comprises amplitude and phase.
 

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