In a series circuit, adding resistors increases total resistance, leading to a decrease in current while larger resistances result in larger voltage drops. The relationship for total resistance in series is R_T = R_1 + R_2 + ..., while for parallel circuits, total resistance is calculated using 1/R_T = 1/R_1 + 1/R_2 + .... In parallel circuits, the voltage drop across each resistor remains constant, and adding more resistors decreases total resistance, causing current to increase. The equations for voltage and current in series are V = V1 + V2 + V3 and I = I1 = I2 = I3, while in parallel, voltage remains constant and current adds up. Overall, understanding these principles is crucial for analyzing circuit behavior.