You could but it doesn't really help since du= 8xdx doesn't give you anything easy. The numerator obviously factors into (4x2-2)(4x2+2)- that's why arildno asked if the denominator wasn't actually 4x2+ 2 rather than 4x2+ 1. But the world is never that easy, not even homework problems.
Best thing to do is arildno's suggest. Go ahead and divide 16x4- 4 by 4x2+ 1. The result will be a cubic polynomial plus a linear term, Ax+ B, over 4x2+ 1. To integrate Ax/(4x2+1), let u= 4x2+ 1. To integrate B/(4x2+1), use the arctangent.