Translate Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces Problem 1-5.4

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Homework Statement



This is the 1st problem in the section 1-5, do Carmo' Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces. It is in page 22.

We have a parametrized curve

\alpha (s)=(a\cos \frac{s}{c}, a\sin \frac{s}{c},b\frac{s}{c})

with c^2=a^2+b^2.


The 4th problem is to show that the lines containing n(s) and passing through \alpha(s) meet the z axis under a constant angle equal to \pi /2. What does this mean? What is the meaning of ''containing'' and ''passing through''? It sounds weird to me...


n(s) is the normal vector of the curve.
 
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qinglong.1397 said:

Homework Statement



This is the 1st problem in the section 1-5, do Carmo' Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces. It is in page 22.

We have a parametrized curve

\alpha (s)=(a\cos \frac{s}{c}, a\sin \frac{s}{c},b\frac{s}{c})

with c^2=a^2+b^2.


The 4th problem is to show that the lines containing n(s) and passing through \alpha(s) meet the z axis under a constant angle equal to \pi /2. What does this mean?

First, tell us what n(s) is.
 
Mark44 said:
First, tell us what n(s) is.

Oh, n(s) is the normal vector of the curve.
 
There are two things I don't understand about this problem. First, when finding the nth root of a number, there should in theory be n solutions. However, the formula produces n+1 roots. Here is how. The first root is simply ##\left(r\right)^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}##. Then you multiply this first root by n additional expressions given by the formula, as you go through k=0,1,...n-1. So you end up with n+1 roots, which cannot be correct. Let me illustrate what I mean. For this...
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