Uncertainty Principle & an Atomic Nucleus

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on calculating the kinetic energy of a neutron localized within an atomic nucleus, specifically using the uncertainty principle defined by the equation ΔxΔp = h/(4π). Given that Δx is approximately 1 fm (1x10-15 m) and the rest energy of the neutron is 939 MeV, participants explore the assumption that Δp can be approximated as equal to momentum P. This assumption is debated, with some arguing that it simplifies calculations despite the large uncertainty in momentum implied by the small Δx. Ultimately, the discussion emphasizes the relationship between localization and momentum uncertainty in quantum mechanics.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of quantum mechanics principles, specifically the uncertainty principle.
  • Familiarity with the concept of kinetic energy in particle physics.
  • Knowledge of the strong nuclear force and its implications in atomic nuclei.
  • Basic proficiency in using the Planck constant in calculations.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the implications of the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics.
  • Learn about the strong nuclear force and its role in particle interactions.
  • Explore the derivation and applications of kinetic energy formulas in particle physics.
  • Investigate the significance of the Planck constant in quantum calculations.
USEFUL FOR

Students of quantum mechanics, physicists studying atomic structure, and educators seeking to clarify concepts related to the uncertainty principle and nuclear forces.

curto
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Homework Statement



A neutron in an atomic nucleus is bound to other neutrons and protons in the nucleus by the strong nuclear force when it comes within about 1 fm of another particle . What is the approximate kinetic energy in MeV of a neutron that is localised to within such a region? Take delta(x)*delta(p) = h/(4pi) and rest energy of neutron to be 939 MeV. Give your result to 2 significant figures.

Homework Equations



\DeltaX\DeltaP = h/4\pi
KE = P2/2m

The Attempt at a Solution



We know \DeltaX = 1x10-15m and we know E0 = 939MeV and \DeltaP can be easily determined. However, I don't know how to continue because I don't think we're given enough information. A couple people in my class have mentioned that we should assume \DeltaP ~ P in which this would make the question simple. I don't understand this since our \DeltaX is very small so our \DeltaP would be very large. But the uncertainty in this case is just a number so it could be anything so how is it at all related to P hence why the hell can we just assume \DeltaP ~ P?? Or are my classmates wrong like I think they are :wink:
 
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Well, the Planck constant is of the order 10-34 so the \DeltaP is of the order 10-19 which is not large in my book.

As to why this assumption is to be made my best guess would be that within a nucleus the particles are considered still in respect to one another, just a small vibration whose magnitude is given by the uncertainty principle with the lower bound being 0 (and so the upper bound is the magnitude of the uncertainty).
 
ojs said:
Well, the Planck constant is of the order 10-34 so the \DeltaP is of the order 10-19 which is not large in my book.

As to why this assumption is to be made my best guess would be that within a nucleus the particles are considered still in respect to one another, just a small vibration whose magnitude is given by the uncertainty principle with the lower bound being 0 (and so the upper bound is the magnitude of the uncertainty).

I don't completely understand but if you're saying that assuming \DeltaP ~ P is okay then that's good enough for me. We've been getting heaps of these dodgy questions lately and they're starting to annoy me lol. Thanks.
 

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