The discussion centers on the concept of work done in thermodynamic systems, particularly when the volume is fixed. It clarifies that while no P-V work occurs under constant volume conditions, other forms of work, such as electrochemical work or stirring, can still take place without changing the volume. The Helmholtz free energy is highlighted as a measure of a system's capacity to perform work, even when the system is thermally isolated. The conversation also addresses the confusion surrounding the relationship between temperature in the reservoir and within the system during non-equilibrium processes. Ultimately, the discussion emphasizes that understanding the nuances of free energy and work types is crucial for grasping thermodynamic principles.