What is Moment: Definition and 1000 Discussions

In mathematics, the moments of a function are quantitative measures related to the shape of the function's graph. If the function represents mass, then the first moment is the center of the mass, and the second moment is the rotational inertia. If the function is a probability distribution, then the first moment is the expected value, the second central moment is the variance, the third standardized moment is the skewness, and the fourth standardized moment is the kurtosis. The mathematical concept is closely related to the concept of moment in physics.
For a distribution of mass or probability on a bounded interval, the collection of all the moments (of all orders, from 0 to ∞) uniquely determines the distribution (Hausdorff moment problem). The same is not true on unbounded intervals (Hamburger moment problem).
In the mid-nineteenth century, Pafnuty Chebyshev became the first person to think systematically in terms of the moments of random variables.

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  1. G

    I How 'big' is the present moment in terms of time?

    Time can be divided three ways Time in the future Time in the present Time in the past We are living in the 'present'. My question: how 'big' is this present time? It might help if you think of a pen placed on a white sheet of paper. The pen represents our present time. The white space above...
  2. Z

    Question about calculating moment of inertia.

    Homework Statement I was learning how to calculate moment of inertia on Youtube, and I'm confused about when to use 1/2 mr2 instead of mr2. This video says that he used 1/2 mr2 instead of mr2 because the cone is solid But in this video, while he was calculating a solid sphere, he used mr2...
  3. A

    Calculating Moment of Inertia for Outstretched Arms: 1/3 vs 1/12 Formula

    Homework Statement Kindly see the screenshot attached below for the question. Homework Equations I=1/3ML^2 1/12ML^2 The Attempt at a Solution In the solution to this question, the moment of inertia of the hands (when outstretched) is taken to be 1/12ML^2 (combined). I think that it should be...
  4. Z

    How is the moment of inertia of gears calculated?

    If two gears are joined to together, how are their moment of inertia calculated? Separately or combined?
  5. N

    I Magnetic moment of a massless charged Fermion?

    The spin magnetic moment of a charged, spin-1/2 particle is $$g \frac e {2m} \frac \hbar 2$$ where g is the g-factor (2 for any particle in tree-level approximation, 2.00231930436182 for electron), e is charge m is mass ##\frac \hbar 2## is spin But with zero mass this expression does not make...
  6. Jefffff

    Moment of Inertia of a Disk

    Homework Statement A disk of radius R has an initial mass M. Then a hole of radius (1/4) is drilled, with its edge at the disk center. Find the new rotational inertia about the central axis. Hint: Find the rotational inertia of the missing piece, and subtract it from that of the whole disk...
  7. F

    Sheer and bending moment diagrams

    ok so for concentrated loads the sheer diagram is constant meaning are straight horizontal lines and the bending moment diagram is linear. when there are evenly distributed loads sheer diagram is linear and bending moment diagram is quadratic. I am thinking that when there is a load distributed...
  8. N

    Magnetic Moment and Spacing of Adjacent Magnetic Substates

    Homework Statement [/B] Consider the hydrogen atom in the 42F5/2 state. Take into account the effects of finestructure (spin-orbit coupling). (a) Write down the spectroscopic notation of the state that the 42F5/2 is degenerate with, in the absence of an external magnetic field. (b) Calculate...
  9. H

    How do you find a curve pipe bending moment and shear force?

    1. Homework Statement I have problem solving the bending moment and shear force of a conduit with a curve end. The conduit is lifted in the mid-air with 2 slings and assume it is in equillibrum. I have attach a drawing for reference. Homework Equations What i know, there is a UDL somewhere...
  10. C

    Relationship between magnetic moment and induced magnetism

    How would you calculate the induced magnetic field B at some distance R from a bar magnet, given the magnetic moment of a magnet? (In general)
  11. yavorh

    Mass moment of inertia of an airplane about its main gear

    Homework Statement Okay, so this isn't so much a problem as a design issue while following an example given in a book. (Relevant material is here: http://www.aero.us.es/adesign/Slides/Extra/Stability/Design_Control_Surface/Chapter%2012.%20Desig%20of%20Control%20Surfaces%20(Elevator).pdf ) Now...
  12. lichenguy

    Accelerating a car including the moment of inertia of the wheels

    Homework Statement A car accelerates from rest on a horizontal surface. The engine provides a torque of τ = 200 Nm on each of the two front wheels. Each of the four wheels on the car weigh m = 15 kg, have radius R = 0.35 m and can be considered solid, uniform discs. The rest of the car (not the...
  13. T

    How to solve for the moment of inertia and angular acceleration?

    A girl is climbing up a set of stairs and has her femur horizontal. Her thigh weighs 12 pounds, acting at a center of mass 15 cm from her hip joint. She places 50 pounds of weight on the lower portion of that leg, vertically through her knee. Her gluteus maximus is applying a force directed 30...
  14. S

    Stronger or Stiffer? Tube vs Rod: Answers Here!

    I have some serious confusion regarding the title for the following issue . I have read on plethora of forums and sites, giving the explanation of why hollow tubing is stronger than solid rod of the same dia or weight by justifying as to why it bends the least . This makes me ponder ! Stronger...
  15. T

    I Proving a multivariate normal distribution by the moment generating function

    I have proved (8.1). However I am trying to prove that ##\bar{X},X_i-\bar{X},i=1,...,n## has a joint distribution that is multivariate normal. I am trying to prove it by looking at the moment generating function: ##E(e^{t(X_i-\bar{X})}=E(e^{tX_i})E(e^{-\frac{t}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n X_i})## I am...
  16. L

    How to calculate the dipole moment of the spherical shell?

    Homework Statement A spherical shell of radius R has a surface charge distribution σ = k sinφ. Calculate the dipole moment of the spherical shell. Homework Equations P[/B]' = ∫r' σ(r') da' The Attempt at a Solution So I believe my dipole will be directed along the y axis, as the function...
  17. D

    Calculating Moment of Inertia for a Rotating Cylinder | Physics Tutorial

    Hi I am struggling with the following question. A cylinder of radius 20cm is mounted on a horizontal axle coincident with its axis and is free to rotate. A light chord is wound onto it and a 50g mass hung from it. After release the mass drops 1m in 12seconds. What is the moment of inertia...
  18. CollinsArg

    How to calculate the moment of inertia of a system with multiple bodies?

    Homework Statement Calculate the moment of inertia in the OO' axis of the following figure (image attached).Homework Equations The relevant equations are in the image, except: I = Icm + m.h2 (formula of moment of inertia to change the axis from the centre of mass to a parallel axis). The...
  19. JTC

    What is the Transformation Rule for the Moment of Inertia Tensor?

    (Forgive me if this is in the wrong spot) I understand how tensors transform. I can easily type a rule with the differentials of coordinates, say for strain. I also know that the moment of inertia is a tensor. But I cannot see how it transforms as does the standard rules of covariant...
  20. yecko

    Moment couple (opposite direction on same line)

    1. Homework Statement It is a part of the question in my homework and I extract this out just for the part i m confused(in the picture above) Homework Equations Moment couple=d*F [d is the difference in point of application (=sqrt41) or the perpendicular distance of the forces(=0) ?] The...
  21. yecko

    Is my approach correct for the 3D moment couple problem?

    Homework Statement Homework Equations M=r x F = d * F (for moment couple) The Attempt at a Solution This is my attempt to the question, yet I have got quite a different answer from my classmates... (especially the moment by the 50N force couple) Can anyone point out is there anything wrong...
  22. patrickmoloney

    Magnetic Moment of a crystal

    Homework Statement Find the magnetic moment of a crystal when placed (i) in a weak field at high temperature (ii) in a strong field at low temperature Homework Equations This is the last part of a question which I feel I have solved correctly up until this point. The mean magnetic moment I...
  23. WeiShan Ng

    Average magnetic moment of the system

    I was reading the statistical physics textbook and was really confused with the notation: I don't understand the last part of the section. Why is that \sum_{\sigma = \pm1} \sigma P(\sigma) equals to \left< \sigma \right>? And what does \left< \sigma \right> actually mean? Is it the average...
  24. Philosophaie

    I Electric Dipole Moments: Sun, Earth, Planets, Minor Planets, Moons

    Is there a table of Electric Dipole Moments, ##\bar p##, for the Sun, Earth, Planets, Minor Planets and Moons?
  25. A

    Brain fade/idiot moment - simple question about pipe flows

    Stupid question: I have the following pipe configuration: Working fluid = ambient air Pipe1 = 6 inch ID x 24 inch length Expansion1 = 2 inch length Pipe2 = 8 inch ID x 2 inch length Fan1 = assume 200 CFM @ 2860 rpm, 0.05 inH2O Contraction1 = 2 inch length Pipe3 = 6 inch ID x 12 inch length...
  26. Philosophaie

    Electric Field and Electric Dipole Moment for a Dipole

    The Magnetic Dipole Moment for a Magnetic Field for a dipole oriented on the x-y axis is: ##\bar m = |m| \hat z## The Magnetic Field is: ##\bar B = \frac{\mhu_0}{4 * \pi * |\bar r|^5} * 3 * \bar r * (\bar m . \bar r) - \bar m * |\bar r|^2## Vector Potential is: ##\bar A = \frac{\mhu_0}{4 * \pi...
  27. J

    Understanding MOI and Weight in Golf: Exploring the Optimal Balance

    At what point will weight have a diminishing effect on increasing MOI with a given size remaining the same?
  28. D

    Components of the equivalent moment at a point

    1. The problems: The questions are to find the x, y and z components of the equivalent MOMENT at point A in both diagrams. For the green block, I found the y and z components of the equivalent force at point A are -39.04kN and 15.48kN respectively. The Attempt at a Solution For the first...
  29. F

    Sign convention of fixed end moment at cantilever beam

    Homework Statement I don't understand why the fixed end moment at AE is 10KNm ( clockwise) . Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution Forger about the sign convention here , i have the resultant moment = 10KNm , which ic clockwise , why in the 2nd picture ( SFD and BMD part) , the moment...
  30. A

    Thrust Bearings and Smooth Journal Bearings reaction moment?

    Ok, so this is an undergraduate level question probably but consider this R. C. Hibbeler's Textbook on Mechanics of Materials says this about thrust bearings and smooth journal Bearings : In other words, it says nothing about reaction moments. Now this chart has other 2D connection types...
  31. J

    MHB Finding the Moment Generating Function

    I'm working this problem for my math stat class. Here is what I have for it. First of all, is this the correct method for finding MGF? I thought it was but I don't understand the answers I am getting. How do I determine my values for t? For both I have t not equal to 0 because t is in the...
  32. S

    About torque and moment of inertia

    I know I just posted a topic, but I have another question. From my understanding, torque is force times the length of the lever arm, and the longer the lever arm or the more force there is, the more torque is applied. For moment of inertia, it is mass times the square of the distance from the...
  33. J

    Moment of inertia of a charged spinning top

    How can I calculate the moment of inertia of a spinning top with charge Q submerged in an electromagnetic field? I've already calculated it for the case with no charge, but I don't know how to do this.
  34. B

    The total moment when rolling

    Hey, everyone, I have a question regarding quadcopters, when the set of the arms is of configuration X, to roll we increase the velocity of the two motors on the left/right and decrease the other motors on right/left, the question is when doing so the total angular velocity is zero that means...
  35. S

    Moment of Inertia of a Rotating Disk

    Homework Statement Given a non magnetic rectangular plate with dimensions: L & B. The plate is of uniform density and thickness.There are 2 points equidistant from the center of the rectangular plate along the line at B/2. Both of these pivot points have 2 disks of radius R and mass M that are...
  36. C

    B Exploring the Mystery of Electron Magnetic Moments in Quantum Mechanics

    If electrons have a magnetic moment (or behave like they have) why don't all orient North Up in a magnetic field (pointing down)? Plus, if thought as magnetic dipoles, like poles repel, therefore all should point the same direction. In a Stern-Gerlach apparattus shouldn't the magnetic moment...
  37. G

    Moment of inertia changes during rotation—Calculate work?

    Hi everyone, i have a question Moment of inertia changes during rotation. Calculate the work done that changes kinetic energy? Angular moment (along the axis of rotation) L = I * w A point mass M rotates along an axis attached to a mass-negligible rod, of length r. If someone moves the mass M...
  38. G

    Moment of inertia changes during rotation -- Calculate work?

    Hi everyone, i have a question Moment of inertia changes during rotation. Calculate the work that changes kinetic energy? Angular moment (along the axis of rotation) L = I * w A point mass M rotates along an axis attached to a mass-negligible rod, of length r. If someone moves the mass M at...
  39. J

    How do you calculate moment of inertia for circle?

    Hey, not sure if this is the right place to post this, but here it goes. how do you calculate the moment of inertia for a circle that is not at its center of gravity. I am trying to find the moment of inertia for a complex shape made of many circles, and this seems like a good place to start...
  40. marsupial

    Equivalent force and couple moment

    Homework Statement I will post a photo of the question in the thread once I've created it. I have found the magnitude and angle of the resultant force, but I am unsure of how to proceed. I find moments and couples confusing. Homework Equations $$\vec M = \vec r \times \vec F$$ The Attempt at...
  41. S

    Can we say Angular Velocity is a 'moment' of tangential velocity?

    If a rigid link pin joint-fixed on ground and is rotating freely about the same point with uniform ang. vel., can we say the vector form of angular vel. (omega) is nothing but moment of the tangential (perpendicular) vel. at the other end?
  42. S

    Moment of inertia of a gearbox

    I just want to check to see if I am on the right path, I have to calculate the moment of inertia of a gearbox for an application. I was thinking of breaking down the input shaft/worm into different size cylinders since the shaft has different diameters for the the input and bearings. And then...
  43. A

    Moment of inertia of a rod with balls attached

    Homework Statement Attached. Homework Equations I=mr^2, I=(1/12)m*l^2 for a rod. The Attempt at a Solution Part A I got by doing I=(1/12)3.5*(2.6)^2+2*.7*1.3^2 (I added the moment of inertia of the rod and the balls). Part B since the axis is on one of the balls, I thought we don't include...
  44. Z

    Moment of Inertia for a blower

    I have a blower within a system, and I'm trying to calculate the system inertia. I'd like to get the moment of inertia for this component as would be seen by the shaft. It's shape has me a little stumped (considered perpendicular axis theorem) on what method to use for finding the inertia. Any...
  45. F

    Total moment caused by an unbalanced mass on a rotating shaft

    Homework Statement [/B] The shaft connecting A to D is rotating at 1200RPM clockwise and has a concentrated unbalanced load of W2 of 8lb at a radius of 2in. in a plane midway between points A and D as shown in the figure. A constant vertical load W1 of 1500 lb is applied by means of two...
  46. A

    Help with this moments problem

    Homework Statement A uniform cylinder has mass m kilograms and radius 5 metres. Calculate the magnitude of the horizontal force Fthat needs to be applied on its axis to start it rolling up a step of height 2 metres, as shown in the diagram Homework Equations Anticlockwise torque=Clockwise...
  47. A

    Alternative approach -- Bicycle on a curve

    Homework Statement A bicycle of mass m is traveling at constant speed v around a curve of radius r without slipping. You can take the acceleration due to gravity as g. Calculate the angle of tilt, θ, that will enable it to balance. Homework Equations R=mg Rsintheeta (Length)=Fcostheeta...
  48. M

    Determine Mass moment of inertia about any axis given Ixx...

    Hello, I am analyzing human motion. for each body segment, I have measured values for Ixx, Iyy, and Izz in local coordinate system. I want to transfer all body properties from one coordinate system to another using a transformation matrix. My question is that, is there a way to calculate mass...
  49. Z

    A Second moment of area about Y-Y

    How to calculate Secondmoment of area about Y-Y axis A solid cylinder ?
  50. B

    Moment with two unknown forces

    Ok here goes. It's been a long time since I've done anything like this and i just can't remember what to do. I'e got a beam 167.5mm long. It is supported at 24.5mm along the beam. 6600kgf acts at one end of the beam. F1 acts at 128.5mm along the beam. F2 acts at 167.5mm along the beam. F1...
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