Atomic structure Definition and 55 Threads

I'm interested in deducing spin-flip energies of various atoms from the NIST atomic spectra database: https://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/ASD/levels_form.html These are the minimal energies required to go from the ground state to a state with some given total spin S (such that the eigenvalue...

I just wanted to know if this book has clear exposition, if it's any good and what are the prerequisites for it. Also, I don't think it's can be a primary resource so I just wanna know how good it really is in terms of supplementary material and just in general as a dover book. Also, I wanna...

In the ferromagnetic materials not only the atoms have magnetic dipoles but also the dipoles are aligned well in different domains. However, what is the differnce berween atomic structure of a soft ferromagnet like iron and a hard ferromagnet like a bar magnet? My first guess is that the atomic...

ik this is basic knowledge, that all groups go up in reactivity the further down you go in the group, except for group 7, where this is reversed. however i don't understand why, because in group 7, the electron shielding still increases the further down the group you go, like with all the other...

TL;DR Summary: How to learn about the Hydrogen Atom from Level 2 OU Degree I am copleting the second year of the OU physics degree and "understand" what is taught about the Hydrogen atom there, energy levels et al. I am not yet competent in calculus here. I seek a means, buy a book....view...

My current understanding: The mass of alpha particle is approximately 7340.6 times higher than the mass of electron.in the gold foil scattering experiment the deflection of alpha particle due to electron is approximately zero. The reason that is given is that since the electron is much lighter...

I have read that an electron requires certain minimum energy of threshold frequency to move an orbit However the energy needed decreases with increase in shell number The transition energy is reduced with each orbit For example The energy to shift an electron from 1st to 2nd orbit is much...

Summary: The Space Between the Nucleus and Electron Shells? What composes the space between an atom's nucleus and its electron shells?

Does atomic structure require a magnetic force? I understand that in the world of people it is most appreciated, however, it doesn't seem to have a purpose in the atomic structure.

Homework Statement In a gas of hydrogen under normal conditions, the interatomic spacing is 1.56 × 10^−8 m . Assume the gas is made of atomic, not molecular, hydrogen. For what n-value of the hydrogen atoms is the size of the atom comparable to the interatomic spacing?The value of h bar is...

Homework Statement Consider the NaCl molecule, in which the atomic weights of Na and Cl are 23 and 37, respectively. The internuclear separation is 0.236 nm, and the ”spring constant” for vibrations is k = Mred ω^2 = 1 × 10^9 J/m^2 . Calculate the energy difference between adjacent vibrational...

So, as far as I know free electrons are just electrons that have been 'released' from the shell of an atom and can now move. If this is true, what is it that causes the electron to become free in the first place? Thanks in advance to any answers ☺

It is mentioned in my Textbook that if alpha-particle has large impact parameter, it gets scattered through small angles and vice versa. I understand that impact parameter is defined as the perpendicular distance between the path of a projectile and the center of the nucleus. I am unsure how...

Homework Statement The energy required to ionize a helium atom is 24.6 eV. The energy required to remove both the electrons from He atom would be?The Attempt at a Solution My textbook says- IP1= 24.6 eV IP 2= IP1*Z2 How can they relate the first ionization energy to the second one? The Bohr's...

If like charges repel each other, what keeps the protons clustered in the nucleus of the atom from separating ? and why wouldn't the electrons with a negative charge pull them out from the nucleus ?

Does atom really looks and behaves like as that explained in quantum mechanical model? Or is it just a Mathematical Tool to express the observations? Is it like that that scientist were unable to find any clue about real atomic structure and just created a mathematical tools following the...

There is no longer a history section in PDF, but this is not suitable for any speciality forum. Just yesterday*, as usual a step ahead and with uncanny prescience, I was recommending a student to familiarise himself with Moseley's law as reinforcement and more in the learning of atomic physics...

Homework Statement If we take the average radius of the electron wave function in the ground state of hydrogen to be the Bohr radius, calculate the average potential energy of the electron due to the Coulomb interaction with the nucleus. State answer in eV. Homework Equations I think the...

Simpel question: does an atom consists of matter and charge? Yes/no?? If no Then what?

what is the best referece book to study atomic structure and electronic structure of atoms ?

Homework Statement A golf O-ring is used to form a gastight seal in a high-vacuum chamber. The ring is formed from a 100-mm length of 1.5-mm-diameter wire. Calculate the number of gold atoms in the O-ring. Homework Equations Volume of cylinder = PI*h*r^2 The Attempt at a Solution I got the...

Hi all! I would like to ask your help! I am a rookie in the subject. I have to admit i don't exactly interested in the mathematical way. I really don't have the "basic" advanced math which would needed it. :) Look at me if i would be a high school physics and chemistry teacher whose imaginary...

Homework Statement Three photons coming from excited atomic hydrogen sample are picked up. Their energies are 12.1 eV, 10.2 eV and 1.9 eV. These photons must come from? A)two or three atoms B)single atom C)three atoms D)two atoms The Attempt at a Solution By solving it i got single...

I'm an apprentice electrician taking night courses. My question isn't a specific mathematical problem. It's a query about a concept. Please let me know if there's a better way/place I can ask it. My text say that atoms can have a max of 32 electrons per shell, with 1-3 being ideal for...

Hey guys, I was looking at both the time-dependent and time-independent schrodinger equations, and I notice that we often choose to solve these in spherical coordinates. I understand that we do this because they are convenient for problems with azimuthal symmetry. However, how do we know that...

Hello everyone, I would like to buy some Si wafer with SiO2 layer on it. The manufacturer told me that they obtain the SiO2 with a wet oxidation process. My question is, would this layer be amorphous or crystalline or polycrystalline? Thanks!

the product of velocity of an electron and the principal quantum number is independent of which variable ? options given : a) velocity b) principal quantum number c) speed of revolution d ) energy of electron I wrote c, is it correct ?

[FONT="Times New Roman"][SIZE="3"] It is well known that, "Neil bohr failed in his model in which he described an electron as a charged particle moving in well defined circular orbits about the nucleus." However he failed because of the two major reasons.. a) It didn't consider the wave nature...

I got a question : Why is the nucleon of Chlorine 35.5 ? Why is is not a whole number ?

Homework Statement A small particle of mass m moves in such a way that P.E.=-1/2mk(r)^2, where k is a constant and r is the distance of the particle from the origin. Assuming Bohr's model of quantization of angular momentum and circular orbit, r is directly proportional to: (a)n2 (b)n...

Hello, this might be a trivial question for many of you. I would like to know what are the simplest phenomena/experiments, if any, (and perhaps the first historically) that contradict the assumption that subatomic particles like electrons, protons, neutrons..., can be thought of as "small...

Like, let's say substance A, in the sun, is very hot. After the sun goes down, it stays hot, but after awhile it becomes cold. Element B, in the sun, is also very hot, but after the sun goes out, it basically becomes cold immediately. Why is this?

Can the density of gas be changed for good, or is the change just temporary? And what increases density in gases?

Please help me in clearing my basic doubt We all know that positive charges are concentrated at the centre of the atom , known as nucleus and electrons revolves around the nucleus in orbits. Is it necessary to assume that orbits are circular ?

Homework Statement It commonly happens that the hyperfine structure in a transition is dominated by the contribution of an s-electron in one of the levels. What property of s-electrons could be responsible for this? A transition of this kind occurs at 494nm in singly ionised 133Cs between a...

In special relativity the clock hands velocity is represented by: V = v0*(1-v2/c2)^1/2 then: What happen with electrons angular velocity in atomic structure? It may be the same?: V = v0*(1-v2/c2)^1/2 if this could be true what happen with matter?

For a project/idea I'm working on, I need to find the charge density of tap water. I've read that this can be determined by simply subtracting total protons minus total electrons. I've got a list of elements that are in the water, but I'm not 100% sure how to find the exact number of electrons...

let me see if I got this one right: By solving the S E for bound system u got the quantum number n l and ml. each set of numbers corresponds to a curtain wave function and electron. One gots fine structure when adding the spin up 1/2 and down 1/2. so every electron in the atom has a set of...

Is it generally assumed that there is a smallest building block of matter? Or is it assumed that there is always a smaller particle within any particle? because i was thinking in my calc 2 class the other day... If you have, say, a water bottle on a table, and you assume that there is always...

Homework Statement Calculate the energy and radius for each of the five lowest (n = 1,2,3,4,5) electron orbits in a Helium atom with only one electron. Enter the energy as a positive value in units of "eV" and the radius in units of "nm". Hint: The Helium nucleus has 2 protons so Z = 2 and...

Homework Statement I just want to know if there is a relationship between the ground state of Hydrogen which is 13.6 eV and the ground state of Helium. The problem is asking me to find the ground state of Helium, but I am not sure how to go about it. Any advice? Homework Equations...

Homework Statement The 3s state of Na has an energy of -5.14 eV. Determine the effective nuclear charge. Homework Equations Zeffective = Z - S (not listed in textbook, found this online when trying to figure out the problem) The Attempt at a Solution Nothing in the textbook in...

If a photon of wavelength 663nm is incident on a hydrogen atom in its fourth excited state(n=5),then A.the atom doesn't absorb the photon B.the atom absorbs the photon but is not ionized C.the atom absorbs the photon and is ionized,with the electron having zero kinetic energy after ionization...

Homework Statement a)what property of graphite is the result of the presence of delocalized electrons? b)what is the reason for the generally low melting point of group I A metals as compared with the high melting points of metals in the center of the transition series? The Attempt at...

Dear experts - I'm writing a novel in my spare time, and would appreciate some help with a little bit of research. Some of the story is set in the distant future, where super strong materials are available. My problem is that I don’t know how to describe these super materials. I want to...

I need help with these two questions: 1. Electron diffraction can be used to investigate both the arrangement of atoms and the dimensions of nuclei. Explain how changing the energy of the electrons can be used to achieve this. And... 2. Uranium has atomic number 92. Two of its common...

Kindly give me a link to some place I can study about Atomic Structure and Periodicity/Classification for IIT-JEE

Hi! to everyone on the forum. I am new and did not really know where i should of posted this thread its not homework its just a question i have. A friend of mine asked me a question about a book he read about (atomic spectra and atomic structure by Gerhard Herzberg). Gerhard Herzberg said...

I recently made a post here asking questions that where clearly rediculous. I guess I need to be more obtuse. The reason I asked it here is that I'm looking for any possible way in which the 'tornado-like' rotation of galaxies could be explained by any kind of possible atomic structure in 3D...

I have my doubt,solution and question in the attachment that followed.Thanks for anybody that spend some time on this question.