Bosons Definition and 215 Threads

This question has always somewhat perplexed me; if the W and Z boson are force carriers, then why arnt cannon balls force carriers too? Ive read before that the line between force carrier and matter is somewhat arbitrary, but what makes the W and Z fall on the force-carrier side? Sure, they...

Got a quick question on gauge particles: why are they always spin-1? Is it because they are introduced into theories in the form \partial_mu +cA^mu, and hence must be vectors (given that the derivative they have to compensate is a vector?)

I've left particle physics after my diploma a few years ago so I am not familiar with all of the slang, anymore. My question is pretty simple: How common is it to call the W and the Z boson "gauge bosons" in professional physics. Is it pretty much not used and seen as a sign of the person...

So I heard a little rumor that Beta decays in certain isotopes release an electron at "ultrarelativistic" speeds. I also heard a rumor that Z bosons can be created temporarily by a positron annihilating an electron when the two collide. [FONT="Fixedsys"]My question is, can one place two...

Do bosons tend not to obey Pauli Exclusion Principle? I would appreciate if someone would send me some material about this question, and answer it as well.

Do Bosons travel just through each other, or through matter as well? Thanks, Jake

What affect does gravity have on W and Z bosons?

Homework Statement List all possible configurations for distinguishable particles, identical bosons and identical fermions where the system has a total energy of 2E and contains two non-interacting particles. The energy-level structure is 0, 1ER, 1EL and 2E (where 1ER and 1EL are degenerate)...

http://arxiv.org/abs/1004.4866 Unification of gravity, gauge fields, and Higgs bosons A. Garrett Lisi, Lee Smolin, Simone Speziale (Submitted on 27 Apr 2010) We consider a diffeomorphism invariant theory of a gauge field valued in a Lie algebra that breaks spontaneously to the direct sum...

Hello; What are the functions of the W+, W- and Z0 bosons? They are responsible for radioactive beta decay, but what do each of these bosons do? Thanks.

Black Hole "particles" - acting as bosons? I was wondering, though it may sound stupid, could the "particles" within a black hole, at the point where a singularity is deemed to be, by any chance act as bosons, such as the electrons do in a superconductor, or helium at low temps. I know these...

I am currently looking at a diagram of a top and anti top decay. The anti top decays into a weak boson and an anti bottom and the weak then decays into an electron and electron anti-neutrino. On the other side the top decays into a H+ particle and a bottom. What is this H+ particle, is it...

:confused: friends, we know that fermions must be described by antisymmetric and bosons by symmetric wavefunctions. but i was wondering why a particle of certain class behaves like that for ever? ie. say, an electron will never behave like a boson ?? my book says that there is a spin...

Hi, I have my AS physics exam tomorrow and the only thing on the syllabus I'm unsure of is the reaction between a neutron and a neutrino and also the reaction between an antineutrino and a proton. A Ve is an antineutrino, I can't work the overline codes :/ I've seen various feynman...

Hello, I am about as far from a physicist as physically possible, but I am fascinated by the theory, so I've re-enrolled in some intro physics classes next semester. (I'm a Poli Sci/Pre-Law Undergrad). I've been reading a bit about the subject for some time now, and I'm a little confused...

Homework Statement Two identical bosons are found to be in states |\phi> and |\psi>. Write down the normalized state vector describing the system when <\phi|\psi>\neq0.Homework Equations The normalized state vector for two bosons with <\phi|\psi>=0, using the fact that...

http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/shortsharpscience/2009/10/is-a-time-travelling-higgs-sab.html Can you believe this? I guess we all need a good laugh every once in a while.

All number of bosons in case of Bose condensation is N=N_0+\sum_{\vec{p}\neq 0}N_{\vec{p}} I found in one book that N_0=\hat{b}^+_0\hat{b}_0 In that book author say that \hat{b}^+_0\hat{b}_0=N_0 and \hat{b}_0\hat{b}^+_0=N_0+1\approx N_0 so [\hat{b}_0,\hat{b}^+_0]\approx 0 and...

A. Garrett Lisi, L. Smolin and S. Speziale, “Unification of gravity, gauge interactions and Higgs bosons in the extended Plebanski formalism,” to appear. This interesting reference was found in a recently posted preprint by Smolin and Speziale. (thanks to MTd2 for spotting the Smolin...

Homework Statement I have to show that the couplings to the Higgs ( W+ W- h , ZZh, hhh, and e+e-h) are proportional to the mass squared (for bosons) or mass (for fermions) of the particles. But according to this problem I don't have to explicitly construct the interaction terms in the...

assume that we have N spin-1 bosons all on the same spatial orbit. The problem is that what values the total angular momentum can be? I am puzzled by this problem for a long time maybe a bit permutation group theory is needed? i guess this type of problem is well solved Is there...

assume that we have N spin-1 bosons all on the same spatial orbit. The problem is that what values the total angular momentum can be? I am puzzled by this problem for a long time maybe a bit permutation group theory is needed? i guess this type of problem is well solved Is there...

The question says it all. Black holes have mass, and they have angular momentum. - Is the angular momentum an integer or half an integer? Or neither/both? - What happens when two black holes are exchanged? François

Quick question. If particles that mediate interactions are called gauge bosons, why isn't Pion considered a gauge boson. I'm pretty sure I've come across a few interactions mediated by it.

Hello, I am stuck on the first part of this question. There are several parts that follow that depend on this bit, and I know I can do them if I can just work this out. Any help would be gratefully received. Homework Statement Consider an isolated system of N identical spin-0 bosons...

I'm learning QFT by reading Lewis Ryder's book, so my question in short is: how he arrives at Eq 7.57 and Eq 7.58? If you don't have the book, the question is: why are there Minkowski metric terms in the Feynman rules for a gauge field coupling to itself? If the answer is complicated, simply...

Whats the difference between phonons and gauge bosons?

The following Wolfram web page shows the probability density functions for two identical bosons in a square potential well. It also shows the probability density for two identical fermions. http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/WaveFunctionsOfIdenticalParticles/ So it appears that each is...

If there are two indistinguishable bosons that can either be in the |0> or |1> state, what is the probability that both will be in the |0> state? (ie the system will be in the |0>|0> state) I know there are only three possibilities for the total state of the system: |0>|0>, |1>|1>, and...

need help, I'm reading that W bosons are 80 GeV, but they are components of protons of ~1 GEV. Makes no sense. Is the 80 GeV the mass/energy of the particle if it is outside the proton? If so what is the mass/energy as a transfer particle within the proton. If you subtract the mass...

If two boson are each composed of two identical fermions in opposite spin states, can the composite bosons occupy the same state? If so wouldn't that cause their fermions to also occupy identical states? (Certainly, they can't occupy four different spin states, can they?)

Consider this quote from Mandl and Shaw, p. 237 ...this interaction coulpes the field W_{\alpha}(x) to the leptonic vector current. Hence it must be a vector field, and the W particles are vector bosons with spin 1. Could someone explain this for me? I do not understand the "hence"...

how many... till now how many elementary particles are disovered? what are bosons? what happens when fermions interact with bosons?

I've heard a lot about LHC and how one of it's goles is to make a higgs boson but i don't know what a boson even is so could someone give me an explanation about what a boson it and why pphysicst are so intersted in them? :confused:

Hi! I read in Zinn-Justin, that first order phase transitions always have a finite correlation length. Since correlation length is the inverse of the smallest physical mass within a model, this would mean that there can be no Goldstone bosons for a 1st order phase transition. How can that be...

When the SU(2) symmetry is broken by the Higgs mechanism, the W bosons acquire mass and become the well-known W^+ and W^- bosons discovered at CERN. So before the breaking, the Ws had no mass. Did they have charge? If yes: No particle is known without mass but with charge. Are the W...

There is something very fundamental I am missing here. The photon is said to be chargeless. If that is the case, how does it carry the electromagnetic force? Thank you.

At page 52 of 4th chapter in "An Introduction to gauge theories & modern particle physics" by Leader & Predazzi one can find such statement: "We must therefore rearrange (4.2.4) so that we can identify the field that multiplies\frac{1}{2}\left(1+\tau_{3}\right) as gauge boson that remains...

Forces are mediated by gauge bosons. If, for instance, you look at a collision between 2 electrons, is there a definite/calculable number of photons exchanged? Do they have a particular frequency? Do we expect the same thing of gravitons? Does that mean the action of forces is quantized...

I read on http://cern-discoveries.web.cern.ch/cern-discoveries/Courier/HeavyLight/Heavylight.html that to find the W and Z bosons they used beams with 270 GeV of energy per beam. But the W and Z bosons have a mass of about 80/90 GeV, how come so high-energy beams was needed?

i have read and studyed that 1/ boson are identical particles having zero or integral spin and can not be distinguished because their wave function over lap and they do not obey Pauli Exclusion Principle means a huge number of bosons can exist inte same quantum state like photons.((EB)) 1/...

Hello, I'm currently doing a project that is concerned with the hopeful discovery of the Higgs Boson at LHC. I'll be running some code that my supervisor has produced, but before that he wanted me to understand more of the physics that is behind the Higgs mechanism. He has proposed a...

What distinguishes Fermions form Bosons in Feynman diagrams?

Mesons are bosons, but are all bosons mesons e.g. intermediate vector bosons (w and z bosons in the weak interaction)?

I don't really understand what it means to call a non-fundamental object a boson. For example, the helium atom. Its made of fermions, so wouldn't that prevent it from acting like a boson? If you can't have two protons, neutrons, or electrons occupy the same state, how could you have two...

Homework Statement Show that when tree identical quadrupole phonons (boson) are coupled togheter, only states with total angular momentum 0,2,4 and 6 are allowed. The Attempt at a Solution I know "how" to do it, but i do not know how to couple three angular momenta. In the case of...

Homework Statement Consider two noninteracting particles p and q each with mass m in a cubical box od size a. Assume the energy of the particles is E = \frac{3 \hbar^2 \pi^2}{2ma^2} + \frac{6\hbar^2 pi^2}{2ma^2} Using the eigenfunctions \psi_{n_{x},n_{y},n_{z}} (x_{p},y_{p},z_{p}) and...

Bosons, Fermions and ?? I have heard in wikipedia (a joke?? ) that appart from Bosons and Fermions (types of particles) there were another kind of 'Probabilistic distribution' ? i don't know how it was called but if we have the number of particles. <n(T)>=\frac{1}{exp(\hbar \omega )-a}...

For my diploma thesis I must provide a calculation that reproduces the results given on page 46 of the paper hep-ph/0309342 . For those who do not want to look it up, I briefly explain what it is about: It concerns the two-body scattering processes (1) N + V => L + H, (2) N + L => V + H, (3) N...

Show that the symmetric combination of two single particle wavefunction Gab(r1,r2)=Ga(r1)Gb(r2)+Ga(r2)Gb(r1) where G is psi ( i don't have symbol on my computer) displays the exchange symmetry characteristics of bosons (equation G(r1,r2)=G(r2,r1)) Is it possible for two bosons...