Pair Definition and 379 Threads

Dear all, I'm trying to understand the firewall controversy and the role of Hawking radiation in this. To make things concrete, I'll use the desciption of the firewall controversy of John Preskill here...

As far as I'm aware, pair production always involves the initial energetic photon interacting with another body (e.g. nucleus) to conserve momentum when creating the matter/antimatter products (e.g. electron and positron). Although "secondary" high-energy photons (e.g. ## e^+ + e^- \rightarrow...

Pair production only occurs with high energetic photons (gamma rays rather than infrared rays, because a photon needs to have a higher energy than the sum of the rest mass energies of the electron and the positron). Where (on Earth and/or in space) does this occur? And why don't ALL gamma rays...

Homework Statement Homework Equations ## v = r \omega## The Attempt at a Solution Velocity of point B= ##v_B = 4 \times \omega = 4 ## m/s Since the separation between B and C is constrained to be a constant, Velocity of B along rod = Velocity of C along the rod ## \Rightarrow v_B \cos \theta...

I have been debating with a friend about a thought experiment that evolved out of an entirely unrelated discussion, but which has now become a subject of argument. Consider a "dual" phased array antenna that has every odd-numbered radiating element driven from input port 1 and every...

p\bar{p} pair is a CP eigenstate? As p and \bar{p} are fermions (the pair is assumed to be at S-state), the pair seems to be C's eigenstate with eigenvalue of -1. As they have opposite intrinsic parity, the pair state seems to be P's eigenstate with eigenvalue -1. Then isn't it CP eigenstate...

I know that a high frequency light beam is more likely to generate a virtual electron-positron pair than a low frequency one. Can this probability depend on the reference frame? It seems there is a paradox. How do we explain it?

Hi. I have a question about output torque and efficiency of a simple gear pair as shown on the picture. So, I have a pinion and a gear. I give an input torque Tp in the clockwise direction. Therefore, the pinion will rotate with ωp angular velocity in clockwise and the gear ωg in...

Homework Statement Two photon (wavelengths 1pm, 2pm) collide, decaying into a pair positron-electron find the velocities of these particles Everything happens in the x axisHomework Equations The system hc(1*1012+0.5*1012)=E++E- h(1*1012-0.5*1012)=P+-P- E=sqrt(c2P2+m2c4)The Attempt at a Solution...

Homework Statement [/B] A proton and anti-proton are created by a photon with wavelength λ= 6.607×10−7 nm. What is the magnitude of the velocity of the newly created proton and anti-proton pair? Note, the mass of a proton/anti-proton is mp= 1.673×10-27 kg = 938.3M MeV/c2. Homework Equations...

Homework Statement "Prove that ##S = \{(a, b) : a, b ∈ ℕ## and ##b ≥ 2a\}## is denumerable." Homework Equations Basically, my aim is to find a bijection ##f: ℕ→S##. The Attempt at a Solution Define ##f: ℕ→S## by ##f(x)≥2x##. Then suppose that there exist ##x_1∈ℕ## and ##x_2∈ℕ## such that...

Homework Statement photon collides with an electron producing a electron-positron pair, the three particles ( two electrons and one positron) move together in the same direction of the original photon. calculate the energy of each particle. Homework Equations photon: Ep=hf...

$x,y\in N$ $\dfrac {1}{x}+\dfrac {1}{y}=\dfrac {1}{2010}---(1)$ How many pairs of $(x,y)$ we may get to satisfy (1)

Hello friends from afar. Given the Möbius function μ(n), prove that if , then . (The upper bound for both sums is the integer floor of x.) I've done the proof and it seems sound, but it also seems that the converse statement is true, implying that f and g should behave similar to a Mobius...

Hi guys, Here is a wacky question for you: Suppose you have a simple recursive function f(x)=x. Given the fact that a function f(x)=y can be rewritten as a set of ordered pairs (x, y) with x from the domain of f and y from the range of f, it would seem that the function f(x)=x can be written...

In information theory, one bit is typically defined as the uncertainty of a binary random variable that is 0 or 1 with equal probability,[4] or the information that is gained when the value of such a variable becomes known.[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit That sounds a lot like...

Homework Statement I'm taking a module in Solid State Electronics and in the first chapter we went through energy band diagrams, conduction band, valence band, fermi energy level, forbidden gap, etc. Now in the notes it starts to derive some formulae for electron and hole current densities Jn...

When a field is quantized on the light front, there is no possible pair creation from the vacuum energy. This is because kinematic operator P^+ generates only a positive spectrum ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_front_quantization#Spectral_condition ). So there is no "particles popping out...

Where do the charge comes in electron-positron pair production

Does anyone know how close a photon needs to be to a nucleus (an ion really, no shielding from electrons) for pp to occur? I assume it's a probability as a function of distance, any ideas/equations? Thanks

Homework Statement How many one-pair 5-card poker hands are there in a standard 52-card deck? Homework Equations {}^nC_k = \frac{n!}{(n-k)!} 3. The Attempt at a Solution I've seen the following solution in several different places: n = {}^{13}C_1 \cdot {}^{4}C_2 \cdot {}^{12}C_3 \cdot...

The students in a hostel are to get new uniforms. Each girl is to receive a blouse and a skirt , each boy is to receive a shirt and a pair of trousers.1 meter of white material is required to sew a blouse and $1\frac{1}{2}$ meters of blue material is required to sew a shirt . Moreover...

<1 and <2 form a linear pair. If m<1 = 5x + 9 and m<2 = 3x + 11, find the measures of both angles.

What exactly is inert pair effect? Please explain how is character shown by atoms increase/decrease along group and periods. What has to be done to increase this effect on an atom?

I finally found a result I believe for the the asymptotic metric (valid for large r) of a pair of bodies in a circular orbit emitting gravitational waves. I use spherical coordinates, ##[t, r, \theta, \phi]##. If we let the linearized metric ##g_{\mu\nu}## be equal to the sum of a flat metric...

Assume just for this question that a neutrino has a mass of 1 ev. That is about the energy of an infrared photon with a wavelength of 1 micron. Is it possible for a visible light photon, or a more energetic photon, to create a neutrino-antineutrino pair?

Is it possible to calculate the average number of Cooper-pairs, existing at any given moment, per cubic centimeter of niobium (or YBCO), at their critical temperatures? I realize that Cooper pairs form and dissolve continuously, and constantly change partners, so perhaps its not easy to...

Is it possible?

NOTE: presume real coefficients If a pair of polynomials have the Greatest Common Factor (GCF) as 1, it would seem that any root of one of the pair cannot possibly be a root of the other, and vice-versa, since as per the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, any polynomial can be decomposed into a...

Can Cooper pairs have any spatial orientation within a superconductor? In most graphical depictions of a Cooper pair they are both on the same axis (moving through the same channel within the lattice), and parallel with the current direction. Is there any reason the pair cannot be at a right...

A black hole evaporates through hawking radiation, what I don't get is the requirement for an energy-negative energy pair production. Since it's the black hole's gravitational energy that's responsible for the pair production, even if one of them escapes, the black hole would lose energy anyway...

I notice that centrioles always exist in pair. May I know why?

Hello, This problem is about cooper pair formation and what happens with the calculations if there is an attractive potential between electrons but it is not in the presence of a filled fermi surface. 1. Homework Statement Two electrons just above the filled Fermi Surface of a material can...

Hi, i'm performing a simulation about this potential http://motion.cs.umn.edu/PowerLaw/ I calculated the radial distribution function succesfully but i don't know how these guys are normalized the other pair distribution function, as a function of time to collision. Could anyone help me? Thanks!

Homework Statement I have a question regarding exercise 48.4-b in Srednicki's QFT book (the chapter is related to Yukawa theories). I have the official solution + explanation to the problem but I still do not fully understand the reasoning used in it, so perhaps you can help me. In the...

In the big rip theory, the force of dark energy isn't constant and increases over time. This causes first galaxies to fly apart, then solar systems, then planets, then stars, then atoms, then the atom nuclei. If it keeps increasing, it would start pulling the quarks inside protons and neutrons...

Pair Production questions: 1) When a gamma ray photon pair produces an electron and a positron, do the two particles always have the opposite spin? That is, one always has +1/2(h-bar) spin and the other has -1/2(h-bar) spin? 2) Other than charge and spin, what are some other notable...

So I've been learning Set Theory by myself through Jech and Hrabeck textbook, and I'm having trouble understanding some axioms. 1. Homework Statement What exactly is the difference between the axiom of pair and axiom of union? From what I understood, the axiom of pair tells us that there is a...

Hi, I have a couple of questions on photoelectrons. When a photoelectron of about 3-eV (varies) interacts within 0.2-um depletion region of silicon, what happens? I know, it will generate an electron-hole pair with an efficiency of 1 for 3.6-eV photoelectron. But what happens if the...

Homework Statement Suppose a proton and an antiproton collide producing a pair of top-antitop quarks. What would be the minimum required momenta of both proton and antiproton in order for this pair creation to occur? p + \bar{p} \rightarrow t + \bar{t} (Answer: 173 \frac{GeV}{c^2}, 59.9...

Hi I have started studying Quantum Mechanics on my own and I had a question that I am stuck on. I apologize if it's too basic or if someone else asked it I understand what Pair Production is, but the source I am learning it from is saying that Pair production, is another way to prove the Quantum...

Homework Statement I'm supposed to be using the similarity theorem and the shift theorem to solve: cos(πx) / π(x-.5) has transform e^(-iπs)*Π(s) Homework Equations similarity theorem f(ax) has transform (1/a)F(s/a) shift theorem f(x-a) has transform e^(-i2πas)F(s) The Attempt at a Solution...

I read a scientific journal article that discusses pair instability supernova - I am puzzled about something discussed in the article. If the collision of atomic nuclei and energetic gamma rays produces electron and positron pairs which reduces the pressure inside a supermassive star's core -...

Quarks join up with other quarks to form composite particles like protons and neutrons, but in the center of something like a nucleus, how do they know which quarks are in THEIR proton or neutron? When all the quarks are together and it becomes a "soup" of quarks, why doesn't it form things like...

Hi guys and gals, Here's a simple circuit mostly just an LED circuit with a Darlington pair. My question relates to the base current to the probe. If the probe is connected to an unearthed metal toaster (not plugged in), the LED glows briefly then goes out. If the probe is connected to the...

Homework Statement The minimum number of throws of a pair of dice so that the probability of getting the sum of the digits on the dice equal to 7 on atleast one throw is greater than 0.95, is n. Find n. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution There are 6 possible ways of getting a sum of...

There are exotic atoms such as the protonium (proton+antiproton) and positronium (electron+positron); I was wondering if quark-antiquark particles could appear even if they only exist for a fraction of a second.

can unhybridized atomic orbitals hold sigma bond electron pairs? To my knowledge, hybridized AOs can hold both lone pair e- as well as sigma bond e- pairs. But I'm not sure if unhybridized AOs can do the same. Thanks in advance!:smile::wink:

Is it true that static electric field 10^16 V/cm2 is capable to create positron-electron pairs? Is this process associated with energy release? If yes, where energy comes from?

Okay so I have a problem with what my textbook is saying. It defined pair production as a process in which a photon of electromagnetic energy is converted to a pair of particles. But then it gave the discovery of an antiproton. Which was when a proton was accelerated to 6MeV and collided into...