Polarization Definition and 613 Threads

I think I understand this only up to a point. 1. Photon spin is quantized to be +1 or -1 and these represent left- and right-hand circular polarization. 2. A photon can have a superposition of 2 spin states in any proportion. 3. Having probability amplitude of 0.5 of spin 1 and 0.5 of spin -1...

hello all. If one uses polarization modulation of radio waves does this imply a broad frequency spectrum knowing the carrier frequency and amplitude remain the same only the direction of the electric field is being changed ?

I heard that light in a medium can have longitudinal polarization i.e the e field in the direction of propagation, but i saw in a qed course that light can have temporal or scalar polarization (the E0 component). What is that one and how can one obtain this kind of polarization experimentally ...

I'm a grad student and I got some recent results that I can't figure out. Thought I would post a question and see if I can get a quick answer. I'm taking pictures of polarized system. Using a normal linear polarized filter that has a slip ring, so I take a picture, rotate the slip ring a...

Question 1 Basically I have no idea how to calculate the z part of the equation since x and y are assumed to be propagating in the z direction.

Polarization states "directly measured": What did this experiment do? I ran across, on phys.org, this fairly pop-sciencey RIT press release: http://www.rochester.edu/news/show.php?id=5692 It describes an experiment which sounds very interesting, but the way the experiment is described is...

This is polarization density. Can somebody explain to me why exactly this is so? My book just says that's how polarization is defined.. Can you guys give me an intuitive understanding of why? Only thing I know is that χ is related to κ, the dielectric constant, and κ is related to how well a...

A linearly polarized wave is one in which the vector sum of electic fields in two perpendicular directions is always directed along the same line. An elliptcal one is that in which the vector sweeps an ellipse, and it can somehow be converted into circular polarization. That is all I understand...

A circularly polarized electromagnetic wave can be thought of proper combinations of orthogonal linear polarized waves, and a linear polarized wave can be thought of proper combinations of left and right circularly polarized waves. It seems one type of wave is no more fundamental then the other...

Homework Statement Unpolarized light falls on an angle of 37.5 ° with a plan glass surface. The reflected light polarization is examined with a Polaroid. The ratio between maximum and minimum intensity from Polaroid when it is rotated around is 4.0. Which is the refractive of index glass...

Unpolarized light falls on an angle of 37.5 ° with a plan glass surface. The reflected light polarization is examined with a Polaroid. The ratio between maximum and minimum intensity from Polaroid when it is rotated around is 4.0. Which is the refractive of index glass? I would like to use the...

What is the theory behind mapping of the latitude and longitude of the sphere in the Poincare Circle to the polarization of the TEM wave? That is, why: 1) Linear polarization when ε=0 deg? 2) Circular polarization when ε=+/- 45 deg? 3) Elliptical when ε is not 0 or +/- 45 deg? 4) RH rotation...

At the beginning of cpt 9, Griffiths states that massive bosons have three polarization states (m_s = 1, 0, -1), but massless ones have only two (m_s = 1, -1). Are these polarization states the same thing as helicity states? I.e. the W/Z would have 3 helicity states and the photon only 2?

Homework Statement Atomic losses can be described in the Lorentz model by adding into the equation of motion a damping term proportional to velocity. The equation of motion is then \partial ^2x(t) / \partial t^2 + \gamma \partial x(t) / \partial t + \omega_o^2 x(t) = qE/m Consider the optical...

I take issue with the "Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics" 2nd edition by Balanis again. In Page 156, it claimed for AR=-ve, it is Right Hand rotation, AR=+ve is Left Hand rotation. For plane wave propagates in z direction and at z=0: A)Let Ey lag Ex by \frac{\pi}{2} \Rightarrow\;\vec...

I am using "Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics" 2nd edition by Balanis AND "Antenna Theory" 3rd edition also by Balanis. I found an inconsistency in how to characterize RHC (CW) and LHC ( CCW) elliptical polarization. 1) In Advanced EE Page 159, for \vec E(0,t)=Re[\hat x...

[Wasn't sure if each problem needed a separate post. Please feel free to edit if needed.] Also \~ and \^ are tilde and hat respectively. 1a. Homework Statement Use perturbation theory to derive the 3rd order nonlinear susceptibility \chi^{(3)}(3w;w,w,w) (problem gives potential energy, etc...

This vid was produced by Cal Tech. Pay attention to Dr. David Goodstein's explanation of the polarization of light near the end of the video. Does any of it make sense to you, or are Cal Tech Professors showing their fallible sides?

Attached is a scan of how Balanis define plane wave with circular polarization with Ey having a phase of +∏/2 respect to Ex component of the E field. I don't quite agree with the book. The second attachment is my derivation. The definition of CW or CCW is with respect to direction of...

Hi there, I wonder if anyone heard or read anything about glass where one can control its polarization electronically. Or such that you can switch polarization on and off. Tried to google but all it gives references to polarized glass. Maybe I am using wrong term for such thing? Thanks in...

I have been trying to understand polarization match in the text from Balanis. The first attachment is the text scanned from the text explaining the polarization of an antenna in RECEIVING mode. I try to understand what the book said and I came up with my interpretation in my writing and drawings...

This is not a home work, it is part of the textbook on elliptical polarization. Attached is a page in Kraus Antenna book, I cannot verify the equation on the last line. Here is my work E_y=E_2(\sin{\omega} t \cos \delta \;+\; \cos \omega {t} \sin \delta) , \sin\omega {t} =\frac {E_x}{E_1}\;,\...

Hello, I am tasked with plotting the polarization state of a laser (basically I've made a polarimeter), but I really have no idea where to go at this point. Below is a sample of the program I have written with some real data that I just took from a laser. I have the intensity profile as a...

I want to find out that what happens if we polarize a white light which has all of the wavelenghts of 400-700 (nm).Does it divide into colors?What happens to it?

The question is here: http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/45341/representing-a-polarization-vector-for-light-as-a-manifold-of-two-state I'd appreciante any help

Dear friends i know that a wave is linearly polarized if its components have a phase difference of n*∏ and is circularly polarized if phase difference is n*∏/2. But what if phase difference is neither ∏ nor ∏/2? like for E= ax exp(-j(βy-∏/4)) + azexp(-j(βy-∏/2))... thanks in advance...

Hi all, I want to measure electric polarization hysteresis loop so i need the electric circuit to measure it. The circuit mostly contains a resistor and a capacitance, i need to what is the exact value of them ? Please tell me if there is a reference for that Thank you

dear all, I want to confirm whether there is spontaneous polarization in the piezo materials. I know the piezo materials need to be poled under high temperature and electric field before applications. So if there is spontaneous polarization, comes my following confusing. Given a piezo disk with...

If we take the perspective that free space is permeated with a sea of virtual particles, popping in and out of existence, it seems reasonable that such a sea would experience some amount of electric polarization in the presence of an electric field. That is to say, positively charged virtual...

I was wondering what happens with linearly polarized light when it is reflected from a surface such as paper? Since it undergoes diffuse reflection, it is scattered in all directions, but does it become randomly polarized, as well? I can't really find an answer to that anywhere, so I'd be...

Homework Statement I need some help understanding the following solved problem: If light that is initially natural and of flux density ##I_i## passes through two sheets of HN-32 whose transmission axes are parallel, what will be the flux density of the emerging beam? Solution: ##64 \%...

I'm reading some quantum optics and I stumbled on the following completeness relation for the polarization vectors of the electromagnetic field. \sum_{a} (\epsilon_{\vec{k} a } )_i ( \epsilon^*_{ \vec{k} a} )_j = \delta_{ij} -\frac{k_i k_j}{\vec{k}^2} Does anyone know how to derive...

Imagine a dielectric cylinder placed in a uniform magnetic field parallel to its axis. Then we make it rotate around its axis. The nuclei and electrons should feel a radial lorentz force because of their rotation around the axis of cylinder.The forces applied to electrons and nuclei are in...

Hi folks, I am new to the group. I was willing to know what is the importance of polarization and also wave number? What idea does angular wave number and general wave number provides? Hope to hear from you guys,soon. Thanks in advance.

Hi all, I'm a bit confused about the polarization state of the photons after the BBO. I am aware that they are polarized orthogonally, but are they polarized according to a certain axis? The reason I'm asking is that one article I read seems to imply that that's not the case: i.e. the...

Question Source : Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics 6th edition by Rao. Page 202 problem3.30 Problem: Three sinusoidally time-varying polarized vector fields are given at a point by F1 = 3^(1/2) * ax * cos(wt +30) F2 = az * cos(wt+30) F3 = [ 0.5ax + 3^(1/2)ay + 0.5*3^(1/2)az ] *...

Homework Statement Hello. How do you calculate the magnitude of a polarization force (theoretically)? We just did a lab and have to do the report now. It just involved using a Van Der Graaf generator to charge one sphere and measuring the force it exerts on a neutral sphere . This was done by...

Hi, I am trying to find a resource that can explain how σ and ∏ lines obtain their polarizations. I have not found resource that actually show the calculation or solid explanation that show this.The references are usually state that σ and ∏ have circular polarization and linear polarization...

Hi all, A friend and I are working through Peskin and Schroeder, and we're both stumped with only the fourth equation! The interaction in question is e^+ + e^- \to \mu^+ + \mu^- with a virtual photon as the inner branch. P&S state that \mathcal{M}\propto \langle \mu^+\mu^- | H_I | \gamma...

Could the vacuum ever be polarized to become a dielectric? Has this ever been done? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_polarization

Could you please help me to understand some basic concepts about antenna polarization. The books I have are really confusing and do not have examples that I can learn from. Please look at the attached E plane radiation pattern image I attached (figure 13). The books image (figure 13)...

Does a light wave in air (n1 = 1) that is reflected off a glass surface (n2=1.5) experience a 180deg phase change? Looking at the Fresnel equations (theta = 0deg) I learn that: according to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_equations rp = (n2-n1)/(n1+n2) = 0.2 and rs = (n1-n2)/(n1+n2)...

Hello, I was wondering if any of you guys can tell me whether or not I did the following polarization problem correct. Problem: Polarized light passes through a sequence of two polarizers whose axis of polarization forms a 30 degree angle. The second polarizer has the same polarization as...

Say you have two conductors and there is a dielectric material between them (a capacitor with a dielectric). The field will the polarize the atoms in the dielectric in such away that the potential difference between the two conductors is weakened. Thus a capacitor with a dielectric between it's...

I have an IR laser for which I want to find the TE (Transverse Electrical) vs. TM (Transverse Magnetical) mode. I know that the laser has linear polarization, and is configured for a single longitudinal mode with transverse mode close to TEM00. I have a polarizer (not exactly but nearby...

Consider a dielectric between two electrodes. If you turn on power the atoms in the dielectric will be polarized, because they are in an electric field. You could also say this as the nucleus and electrons of each atom has a potential energy, which is released. My question is: Where does this...

Hello everyone :) The CMB is polarized. I read in Dodelson's book "Modern Cosmology" that we can expect a signal of polarization weaker than the signal of temperature. Is it only because the Stokes parameters obey $$I^2 = Q^2 + U^2 $$ (I drop V because Thomson scatering can't create V...

Homework Statement Two polarizers are oriented at 40deg to each other and plane-polarized light is incident on them. If only 15% of the light gets through both of them, what twas the initial polarization directon of the incident light? Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution...

Light coming from the sun is unpolarised therefore the electromagnetic field is moving randomly along the direction of propagation . When light is polarised this means that the photons vibrate in one plane , but how can this happen ? it means that either one of the electric or magnetic fields...

Homework Statement A beam of light traveling in air hits a glass surface with refractive index 1.5 at 45 degree angle. The light is polarised at 45 degrees with respect to the plane of incidence. Calculate the polarization of the reflected beam. Homework Equations Boundary Conditions...