Projections Definition and 101 Threads

In simple Euclidean space: From trig, we have , for u and v separated by angle Θ, the length of the projection of u onto v is |u|cosΘ; then from one definition of the dot product Θ=arcos(|u|⋅|v|/(u⋅v)); putting them together, I get the length of the projection of u onto v is u⋅v/|v|. Then I...

## A = \pmatrix{ -4 & -3 & 3 & 3 \\ -3 & -4 & 3 & 3 \\ -6 & -3 & 5 & 3 \\ -3 & -6 & 3 & 5 } ## over ## \mathbb{R}##. Let ## T_A: \mathbb{R}^4 \to \mathbb{R}^4 ## be defined as ## T_A v = Av ##. Thus, ## T_A ## represents ## A ## in the standard basis, meaning ## [ T_A]_{e} = A ##. I've...

With respect to wave/particle duality, is it correct to think of a particle traveling a wave path? And if so, given that no orientation with respect to an observer of that wave is generally considered, is the "wave" that is referred to then more accurately the planar projection of a helical path?

Hi, I have this mcq . The image shows the Top and Front view of an object, what is the side view of this object? I am finding it very difficult to even interpret the top and front views. I will get questions like these in my exam so I must be able deduce the 3rd view from 2 given views of the...

Textbook answer: "If P1P2 = P2P1 then S is contained in T or T is contained in S." My query: If P1 = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \end{pmatrix}and P2 =\begin{pmatrix} 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \end{pmatrix} as far as I...

Aren't they the same thing? If so, why would textbooks write the former? Ex: https://textbooks.math.gatech.edu/ila/projections.html or http://www.math.lsa.umich.edu/~speyer/417/OrthoProj.pdf or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projection_(linear_algebra)#Orthogonal_projections Thank you!

The question and options are-: Ok so what I did was that i converted all of them to their fischer projection.But only P gave me meso-2,3-butanediol.Others were not meso.Please help.

I am reading D. J. H. Garling's book: "A Course in Mathematical Analysis: Volume II: Metric and Topological Spaces, Functions of a Vector Variable" ... ... I am focused on Chapter 11: Metric Spaces and Normed Spaces ... ... I need some help to fully understand the proof of...

Homework Statement On ##L_2[0,2\pi]## where ##e = \{ 1/\sqrt{2 \pi},1/\sqrt{\pi}\sin x,1/\sqrt{2 \pi}\cos x \}##. Given ##f(x) = x##, find ##Pr_e f##. Homework Equations See solution. The Attempt at a Solution I take $$e \cdot \int_0^{2\pi} e f(x) \, dx = \pi - 2 \sin x.$$ Look correct?

In my pre-calculus textbook, the problem states: A 200-pound cart sits on a ramp inclined at 30 degrees. What force is required to keep the cart from rolling down the ramp? The gravitational force can be represented by the vector F=0i-200j In order to find the force we need to project vector...

Hi PF! I've been reading and it appears that the orthogonal projection of a vector ##v## to the subspace spanned by ##e_1,...,e_n## is given by $$\sum_j\langle e_j,v \rangle e_j$$ (##e_j## are unit vectors, so ignore the usual inner product denominator for simplicity) but there is never a proof...

Homework Statement Let a and b be non-zero vectors in space. Determine comp a (a × b). Homework Equations comp a (b) = (a ⋅ b)/|a| The Attempt at a Solution [/B] comp a (a × b) = a ⋅ (a × b)/|a| = (a × a) ⋅b/|a| = 0 ⋅ b/|a| = 0 Is this the answer? Or is there more to it?

Homework Statement Let ##V = \mathbb{R}^4##. Consider the following subspaces: ##V_1 = \{(x,y,z,t)\ : x = y = z\}, V_2=[(2,1,1,1)], V_3 =[(2,2,1,1)]## And let ##V = M_n(\mathbb{k})##. Consider the following subspaces: ##V_1 = \{(a_{ij}) \in V : a_{ij} = 0,\forall i < j\}## ##V_2 =...

Homework Statement [/B] Let ##V## be a vector space, and let ##U, W## be subspaces of ##V## such that ##V = U \oplus W##. Let ##P_U## be the projection on ##U## in the direction of ##W## and ##P_W## the projection on ##W## in the direction of ##U##. Prove: ##P_U + P_W = Id##, ##P_U P_W = P_W...

Homework Statement [/B]Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution The solution is obviously given, but I don't really understand what is done there. What method is being used? so I can understand, because i see how they attained v, but then that vector normalised is not correct is it?

Homework Statement The urgency of population problems can be emphasized by calculating such "Population absurdities" as the time at which there will be one person per square meter or per square foot of land or the time at which the weight of people will exceed the weight of the earth. Try...

Hi :) The question is in dutch so i'l translate it. on an ellipse E with vertex P and P' on the major axis and vertex Q and Q' on the minor axis. chose R(x1,y1), the projection of R on the major axis is R' and on the minor axis is R''. Define the perpendicular projection of the intrersection...

Kia ora I'm a fist year engineering student in Christchurch NZ, and a few friend and I, are designing a simple engineering report for a water projection system for an organization called gap filler. Were currently thinking of projecting an image of music onto the river Avon so people can read...

This is a rather odd topic but recently when playing games, mostly first person shooters, I have formed a curiosity about "Battle Projections" or the ability to predict probabilities based on in game variables. For example, if you were spectating a round of no respawn four versus four death...

Would someone please be able to point me towards the literature that discusses how the IPCC calculate the low, medium and high confidence projections as used in their fifth assessment report? Thanks.

I am looking for free solved exercises about: right angle projections, (cross) section views Here are some pictures of my book so you can understand what I am looking for http://1.1m.yt/3cNNDl-.jpg http://1.1m.yt/FekMn6x.jpg http://1.1m.yt/1t3KEer.jpg http://1.1m.yt/urA5V2_.jpg...

Homework Statement We have to make right angle projections of various objects. Are these projections correct?Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution https://postimg.org/image/tg987f8bx/ https://postimg.org/image/rcyszr8j1/ https://postimg.org/image/64l4ibu25/...

Homework Statement Find the projection, P', of the point P on the line p, the distance of P from p and the coordinates of the point R symmetric to P with respect to p, where P = [1, 2, 0], and p : X = [3, 0, 0] + t(0, 1, 0), t ∈ IR. *Sorry about all the P's, but this is how the question is...

This is what's confusing me. Wikipedia says that "All bonds are depicted as horizontal or vertical lines." Then it shows a picture of D glucose chain with diagonal bonds. (the double bond and the hydrogen). Why is it drawn with diagonal bonds if its supposed to be only vert or horiz bonds...

I am reading An Introduction to Rings and Modules With K-Theory in View by A.J. Berrick and M.E. Keating (B&K). In Chapter2: Direct Sums and Short Exact Sequences in Sections 2.1.11 and 2.1.12 B&K deal with infinite direct products and infinite direct sums (external and internal). In Section...

Homework Statement 16. Suppose P is the projection matrix onto the line through a. (a) Why is the inner product of x with Py equal to the inner product of Px with y? (b) Are the two angles the same? Find their cosines if a = (1;1;¡1), x = (2;0;1), y = (2;1;2). (c) Why is the inner...

Hi everyone, My Linear Algebra Professor recently had a lecture on Orthogonal projections. Say for example, we are given the vectors: y = [3, -1, 1, 13], v1 = [1, -2, -1, 2] and v2 = [-4, 1, 0, 3] To find the projection of y, we first check is the set v1 and v2 are orthogonal...

(I am going to attempt a 2nd, little thread before I finish my earlier thread. I want to see if I can practice using PF Rules & Guidelines and FAQ before I wrap up my thread on Autism in Medical Sciences.) In my humble opinion, the current budget crisis in the news likely augurs deep cuts -...

Homework Statement Let U be the span of k vectors, {u1, ... ,uk} and Pu be the orthogonal projection onto U. Let V be the span of l vectors, {v1, ... vl} and Pv be the orthogonal projection onto V. Let X be the span of {u1, ..., uk, v1, ... vl} and Px be the orthogonal projection onto X...

Suppose you have a self-adjoint operator A on L^2(\mathbb R^n) that has exactly one discrete, non-degenerate eigenvalue a with associated normalized eigenfunction f_a. What does the projection onto the associated eigenspace look like? My guess would be: P(f) = (f,f_a)f_a = f_a(x)...

Homework Statement Determine the vector(s) whose vector projection on u =< 1,2,2 > is v =< 3,6,6 > and its scalar projection on w =< 1,1,1 > is √3. Homework Equations Vector Projection of b onto a: (|b.a| \ |a|) * (1/ |a|) * a Scalar Projection: (|b.a| \ |a|) The Attempt at a...

Homework Statement a. Is it possible to have u ↓ v undefined? b. Is it possible to have u ↓ v = v ↓ u ? c. Explain why u ↓( v ↓ w ) = u ↓ w . Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I know a is possible if the length of vector v is 0. I think be is false, but not...

Hello, I have a somewhat conceptual question about differential forms. I have been studying differential forms off and on for some time now and things are starting to come together for me. However, there is an irritating gap in my understanding. Regarding the geometric significance or...

Hello all I am working on a model in D=5 N=2 supergravity where the metric background is described by a time-dependent three brane, with one extra spatial dimension (a brane-world with bulk sort of set up). The vanishing of fermionic variations gives me the following weird projections...

http://www.scribd.com/doc/26846418/Edexcel-GCE-January-2010-Mechanics-M2-QP http://www.edexcel.com/migrationdocuments/QP%20GCE%20Curriculum%202000/GCE%20January%202010%20-%20MS/6678_01_msc_20100219.pdf Question 8C: The second link is the answers - I don't understand why they set x = 0...

Homework Statement There are three exams in your linear algebra class and you theorize that your score in each exam will be numerically equal to the number of hours you study. The three exams count 20%, 30%, and 50% and your goal is to score 76% in the course. How many hours, a, b, and c...

Say I have a set of points in 2D space. How would I find a line that maximizes the sum orthogonal projection of the points onto the line. The line does not have to go through the origin.

I need some clarification on projections of complex vectors. If I have a nxm matrix of complex numbers V and a mx1 matrix s, and I want to find the projection of s onto any column of V. The formula to do this is c = <V, s>/||V(j)||^2 where V(j) is the column of V to be used. My question is...

Consider a vector in 3D. Its projections on two planes, say YX and YZ planes, makes some angle with the vertical axis ( the y-axis in this case). I know these two angles (I call them projected angles). This is the only information I have about the vector. I need Euler angles which when...

A particle is projected with velocity vector (10i + 15j)ms^-1 where i and j are unit vectors in the horizontal and upward vertical directions respectively. Find its velocity vector 2 seconds later and its distance from the point of projection at this time. Well first of all, could anyone...

Hello! Could anybody give me some hint with the following problem? Consider a smooth, compact embedded submanifold M = M^m\subset \mathbb{R}^n, and consider a tubular neighborhood U = E(V)\supset M, where E: (x, v) \in NM \mapsto x + v \in M is a diffeomorphism from a open subset of the normal...

A math question about projections of lines: Say we have two straight lines which we consider as number lines (\mathbb{R}). I've learned that a projection of one line onto another is of the form ax + b for a,b\in \mathbb{R} when the two lines are parallel. If we allow the possibility that the...

Homework Statement I have a piece of a plane in 3 dimensions (imagine holding an enevelope in the air), and two orthognal projections which form quadrilaterals, one on the xy plane (i.e. looking at the enevelope from above) and one on the xz plane (looking at it from the side). We know the...

Hey first time poster here. Homework Statement Find the orthogonal projection projWy u1 = [-1; 3; 1; 1], u2 = [3; 1; 1; -1], u3 = [-1; -1; 3; -1], y = [1; 0; 0; 1] where {u1, u2, u3} is an orthogonal basis. Homework Equations yhat = [dot(y,U1)/dot(U1,U1)]U1 + ...

Homework Statement Some of the details in this question are based off the use of matlab. If it's needed I can show the matrices that MATLAB creates. Let A = magic(8); A = A(:,1:3) and let S be the Column Space of A. For b = [1:8]' compute the projection of b onto the Column Space of A...

Homework Statement See attachment The Attempt at a Solution How should I approach these questions? By using the projection formula?

Homework Statement 1. R, 2-Bromo-2-Chlorobutane 2. S, NH2-CH-C2H5 ...| .....OH ......O ......|| 3. R,R and R,S of CHDCl-C-CHDNH2 Homework Equations ...knowledge of fischer projections? I can post the video-tutorial i attempted to follow, if needed. The Attempt at a Solution...

Can anyone think of a trivial proof for the fact that the projection of any polynomial onto the xy-plane itself gives a polynomial? My professor and I were speculating about this, but could not discover a trivial proof for the fact. Does such a thing exist?

Hi. I'm preparing the Linear algebra 1 Exam for the first year of Physics University. I find very difficult to understand projections. Here's an example: Consider the projection P: R^3 --> R^3 onto the plane U of equation 2x1 - 3x2 + x3 = 0 and parallel (the projection) to the vector...

nevermind i figured it out