Proton Definition and 813 Threads

Hi all. I'd personally consider the De Broglie wavelength λ=h/p, with p being the momentum of the electron beam. I get $$\lambda \simeq 0.6 \times 10^{-18} m $$ and since the radius of a quark is ## \leq 10^{-19} m ##, the proton structure can't be resolved. I'm quite sure there's something...

According to this link (https://lhc-machine-outreach.web.cern.ch/lhc-machine-outreach/collisions.htm) the LHC achieves a beam waist diameter of approximately 64 microns. What limits them from getting a tighter focal point? Are lower energy beams easier or harder to focus tightly?

Suppose you place a current transformer into a vacuum and flow ionized hydrogen through the center of it. The ionized hydrogen would act as the secondary winding of the current transformer. How specifically would the acceleration that the hydrogen ions experience be calculated?

I am trying to come up with a design for a device with which to generate a rapidly pulsed proton beam (on the order of 1 pulse per ms). My thought was to apply a 10 kV potential between two parallel plates (each with a hole in their center) and inject a steady stream of hydrogen gas through the...

So first I tried to use KE=1/2 x m x v^2 but then realized I didn’t have the velocity and I can’t figure out a way to obtain it. I then tried to work out the energy using a different equation, W= q x v but that left me with 1.28x10^-14 J which seemed too small. I also then have to calculate the...

One proton in H, two in Li etc. How do we come to know about it? And same with neuteons too.

Suppose there exists a proton beam that is pulsed on and off. If this beam is aimed through a current transformer as in the attached image (the proton beam would act as the main primary conductor in this case), what would be the output of the transformer, and how would it affect the beam...

I was reading the wiki page on CNO [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNO_cycle ] which says; for CNO-II; "In a minor branch of the above reaction, occurring in the Sun's core 0.04% of the time, the final reaction involving 15N...does not produce carbon-12 and an alpha particle, but instead produces...

Hello! Can someone point me to some table or functional form of the distribution of proton momentum inside deuterium? I found it for some high A (even for A=3), but can't find it for deuterium. Thank you!

I have a belief from something I read on the internet that the superscript 1 means that this is a singlet state so it can only hold one particle but then say 3^S_0 is a triplet so it could hold three. Then the first state I mentioned couldn't have a particle and an antiparticle in it , but the...

Hello all, I have a question with the helix path of proton in a magnetic field that I am a bit stuck on. Question: Equations: F = qv X B F = mv^2/r d=vt My Attempt: Think the graph drawn is good enough for questions (a). However, I am stuck on (b) and (c). Firstly I am not entirely sure...

I recently read the proton has an outward force of 10e35 Pascals with an equal inward force containing it. Can this be true?

P. O’Hare et al. Multiradionuclide evidence for an extreme solar proton event around 2,610 B.P. https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2019/03/05/1815725116 https://www.sciencenews.org/article/one-strongest-known-solar-storms-blasted-earth-660-bc Extreme solar events, proton events, are not common...

Homework Statement This was in a problem set I found. Suppose that the proton in a hydrogen atom is not a pointlike object, but instead described by a uniform spherical charge distribution with charge e and radius R = 8.7 x 10^-16 m. Using Gauss's law and the definition for the electric...

1. Homework Statement A proton is released from rest at point B, where the potential is 0 V. Afterward, the proton: a. Remains at rest at B. b. Moves toward A with a steady speed. c. Moves toward A with an increasing speed. d. Moves toward C with a steady speed. e. Moves toward C with an...

Hi, Suppose I had a pair of protons that are entangled, and one or both of those protons decayed( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_decay ) over time, does that mean the entanglement between the protons does not exist anymore, and would it be fair to say that the entanglement decayed over time?

Would a proton decay into smaller particles if you accelerate it into higher speeds without colliding it into another proton?

If I have a beam of protons that go into a block of water, how can I know how many photons will be produced along the beam path?. I'm assuming all the photons have the same energy. I know that the energy deposition will follow a Bragg Curve, and I think that energy deposition is probably...

Can anyone tell me, What quantum state really is? Is it applicable for all sub atomic particles? Then, Can anyone explain how two electron are never in same quantum state. And Does proton or neutron follows the same law as electron for obtaining unique quantum state.

The atomic nuclei consist out electrons, protons and neutrons (with only exception of hydrogen, that does have a neutron). Thus, it would be straightforward, that there existed a corresponding radiation for each nucleus component, when a nucleus decays. There is an electron radiation (beta...

Hey! Let's say we have an electron and proton colliding head-on. We will have ##|p| \sim E## Where ##p_1=(E_1, \vec{p_1})## &##p_2=(E_2, \vec{p_2})## If we want the available energy. We can calculate ##\sqrt{s} = \sqrt{(p_1 + p_2)^2}## We get $$s= p_1^2 + p_2^2 + 2p_1p_2 = m_e^2 + m_p^2 +...

I tried to calculted the rotating speed fro a proton from the clasical point of view by using its magnetic moment and the moment of a rotating sphere uniformly charged as example here: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/8-07-electromagnetism-ii-fall-2012/exams/MIT8_07F12_quizsol2.pdf It is said...

I couldn't fit the whole question, it should say "How close does an electron have to get to a proton to be attracted to it" And I know it can depend on the speed and direction they are traveling. Can we just pretend they are stationary for this answer please. By attracted I mean the electron...

Homework Statement A proton moves with a speed ##v = 3 \cdot 10^5 \frac{m}{s}## in the parallel direction to ##i+k##. A magnetic field of ##1T##, in the ##i+j+k## acts over it. Which electric field must we apply in this region so that the Lorentz force over the proton is null? Homework...

If a proton is made of quarks and gluons, what exactly IS a proton? What would it look like if we could shrink down to it's size? Is it really nothing at all, in the same sense as the "solar system" isn't really a thing in itself, it's just a collection of planets and a sun.

Hello, I need the stopping power for a proton ion gun through Boron-11 sheet 1mm thick. I have the following table obtained from here: https://www-nds.iaea.org/stopping/stopping_hydr.html Where the unit is in 1-15*eV*cm2/atom: Then I calculated for 600keV protons at table 5.1eV*cm2/atom. I...

I wish to draw the proton momentum spectrum by transforming the energy spectrum of recoil protons. I have calculated the energy spectrum using Nachtmann's spectrum: wp=g1[T]+a*g2[T] Where: g1[T]=(1 - x2/σ[T])2 * Sqrt[1 - σ[T]] * (4*(1 + x2/σ[T]) - (4/3*(σ[T] - x2)/σ[T])*(1 - σ[T])); g2[T]=(1 -...

Homework Statement An electron and a proton are each placed at rest in an electric field of 687 N/C. What is the velocity of the electron 56.5 ns after being released? Consider the direction parallel to the field to be positive. The fundamental charge is 1.602×10−19 C, the mass of a proton is...

Homework Statement What is the speed of a proton that has been accelerated from rest through a potential difference of -1000V? Homework Equations ΔV=potential difference V=U/q Conservataion of energy U=qEd (d is distance the proton is moving...i think) The Attempt at a Solution Here is my...

Why all particles of same type identical? All electrons are identical to each other, all protons are identical..etc. It is as if they are copy pasted from each other! For me this is one of the biggest mysteries ever, why we don't detect more massive or less massive electrons? Is it related...

Hi, I'm simulating in MCNP6 the reaction of proton beam on targets but in the simulation the 96% of the proton are lost for energy cutoff. I don't understand why happen that. I use a tally4 to obtain the reaction in the target, but I suppose the results are wrong because the lost of protons (if...

What does it mean by 1 amu? the mass of a proton or a neutron or an electron? If the mass of O is 16 amu, then what makes 16 amu in O atom? 16 protons or 16 neutrons or 16 electrons?

Homework Statement A certain odd-parity shell-model state can hold up to a maximum of 4 nucleons. What are its values of J and L? What about an odd-parity shell-model state with a maximum of 6 nucleons? Homework Equations Parity = (-1)L J = L+S Total angular momentum, J, is equal to orbital...

A proton is made of quarks and gluons bound by the strong force in a confined system. Further, all protons are basically interchangeable parts for the purposes of this question. Each one is identical in all material respects. Scientists know a lot about gluon energy density in protons. We have...

Homework Statement The moving proton hits the second proton, which we consider to be stationary. In the moment of central strike gap between the protons is 10(-13)m. What was the initial speed of the moving proton? Proton mass is 1.67*10(-27)kg and charge 1.6*10(-19) C. Homework Equations...

Homework Statement A proton is projected perpendicularly into a magnetic field that has a magnitude of 0.30 T. The field is then adjusted so that an electron will follow a circular path of the same radius when it is projected perpendicularly into the field with the same velocity that the proton...

Proton is made of 2 up, 1 down quarks Neutron is made of 2 down, 1 up quarks The up and down quark have different masses, which account for some of the mass difference. I've also read that hadron masses depend upon the interactions/dynamics inside the particle, not just the quarks contained...

Homework Statement I've uploaded the question in the attached file. Homework Equations R ∝ 1/p R ∝ M/z2 The Attempt at a Solution I don't understand what is in my lecture notes. What equations do I need to attempt this question? Thank you.

<Moderator's note: Moved from a technical forum and thus no template.> Hello all, Earlier today I had an electromagnetism exam, and it seems to me that this problem is unsolvable. There's just too little information given. A proton enters an uniform magnetic field. It's initial speed v is...

Homework Statement Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution de Broglie wavelength λ of a particle = h /P a) since mass of proton is more than electron and speed is same , momentum of proton is more . De Broglie wavelength of proton will be less . b) wavelengths will be same . c) Using...

Homework Statement I have a lambda decaying into a pion and a proton. The lambda is moving with velocity 0.9c and I know the mass of the lambda as well as the pion and proton (these are known constants). I need to find the momentum of the pion and the proton after the decay happens. Homework...

Homework Statement Homework Equations What makes the shape circular/ parabolic? what determines the direction? The Attempt at a Solution Because the furthermost plate is positive, the proton would be repelled towards the screen, so i or iii. How do I know the shape?

As I understand, the sphericity or regularity of the electron’s negative charge was tested to exquisite degrees of accuracy by the ACME collaboration in 2013. If possible, would a measure of the sphericity of the proton’s positive charge be expected to yield similar results? And regarding the...

A paper in Nature is getting some press, for having calculated "the pressure distribution inside the proton". But the theory behind the calculation seems a little odd. Apparently the data pertains to the scattering of an electron from a quark via the exchange of two photons. But each photon...

I'm already aware that deep inelastic scattering, when an electron of high energy is scattered from a proton, shows us that the proton consists of point-like particles (quarks). However, what does elastic electron proton scattering tell us about the proton? Presumably elastic proton scattering...

Homework Statement Homework Equations - The Attempt at a Solution (A) , because the proton moves in a direction opposite to the electron. Right ?

Homework Statement a) Calculate the kinetic energy required to accelerate a single proton from a rest position to 0.9999c. The mass of a proton is 1.67*10^-27 kg. b) Find the ratio of the kinetic energy to the energy of a proton at rest. c) Explain why no particle accelerator will ever be able...

Proton decay has not been observed and has been constrained to be extremely rare in ordinary low temperature situations, if it happens at all (the Standard Model says it doesn't happen at all, because there are no lighter decay products that would not violate conservation of baryon number)...

Can anyone tell me what is proton emission equation after muon capture for heavy nuclei?is it same with neutron emission equation??

I was reading this article discussing how experiments have been able to observe proton decay: https://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21734379-no-guts-no-glory-fundamental-physics-frustrating-physicists It states that after concluding that there has been any evidence of proton...