Terminology Definition and 170 Threads

  1. S

    What are generic terms for integration/summation parameters?

    This is not only a question strictly about mathematics, but in science or any other quantitative field in which there is an integration - or a summation that is like a discrete integration. [ A ] the parameter that is considered the input variable for the integration/summati - i.e., the x of dx...
  2. Vinay080

    How did physics operators come into being?

    Now I am starting to learn Quantum Mechanics. In the class I am taught about operators, postulates and all other basic stuff. I understand operators to be +, -, /, etc; but quantum mechanical operators are entirely different; to understand them, I think, I need to know the historical...
  3. ognik

    MHB Terminology - Hermitian, adjoint ....

    I thought I had these, but then I get to Sturm-Liouville and my confidence wavers ...please confirm / correct / supplement: 1) An Adjoint operator is written $ A^† = (A^T )^*≡(A^* )^T $ We can identify an operator A as adjoint $ (A^† ),iff <ψ_1 |Aψ_2> = <Aψ_1 | ψ_2> $ An adjoint operator...
  4. Mr Davis 97

    Derivative and function terminology

    In mathematical parlance, we say "take the derivative of a function f" to indicate that we are computing a new function, which maps slopes, that derives from f. However, in physics, we say "take the derivative of velocity". However, velocity is a quantity, not a function. What does it mean to...
  5. S

    Don't quite Understand the terminology -- Local gauge

    I hope someone with a deep conceptual understanding of terminologies would help me out here. I am having starting problems in understanding the approach of gauge theories. I have read suggested threads and I am still at a loss. I am an experimental physicist and know basics of electrodynamics...
  6. liometopum

    Terms in a geometric mean equation

    In a geometric mean equation, say 2 x 8 = 16, or a x b = c, what are the words we would use to describe the numbers or terms? Specifically, if you know 'a' and 'c', what do you call 'b'? For example, in a normal multiplication, a x b = c, 'a' is the multiplicand, 'b' is the multiplier, and 'c'...
  7. M

    What Is the Term for the Slope Transition Point in Calculus?

    I have attached an image of a function that I fit to a scatter plot, and I would like to know if there is a term for the point on the function at which the slope transitions from being less than -1 to greater than -1. I have highlighted this point approximately in yellow...
  8. Dadface

    Is 'Carrying' the Right Term for Describing Kinetic Energy in Moving Objects?

    I think its correct to state that: "Kinetic energy is a property of a moving object." But would it be correct to state that: "Kinetic energy is carried by a moving object"? If not is there a better alternative terminology to use? Thank you.
  9. R

    Understanding Electric Fields and Voltage: How Do They Relate?

    Homework Statement How to explain, and distinguish among (or build up from initial definitions) the terms electric field, electric potential, electric potential energy, voltage, difference in voltage. The usage in various sources is casual or insufficiently specific. Homework EquationsThe...
  10. Mr Davis 97

    Sequence and Series Terminology

    First, I would like to clear up notation and the definition for sequences. What exactly is a sequence? I read somewhere that it is defined as a function ##f: \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{R}##. But if this is the case, why do we only define functions based on the range of the function, e.g., ##\left \{...
  11. D

    Relativity Terminology: Lorentz Observer, Frame, Spacelike Vector

    Hi guys, Can someone explain - as simply as possible - what the following terms mean? 1) Lorentz observer 2) Lorentz frame 3) spacelike vector Thanks guys!
  12. bcrowell

    Correct terminology for taking differentials?

    Consider the following two calculations: (1) d(x\cos x)=(\cos x-x\sin x)dx (2) \frac{d}{dx}(x\cos x)=(\cos x-x\sin x) I would describe these both as differentiation. Is there a standard terminology that allows one to make the distinction between the two, if desired? The best I could come up...
  13. T

    MHB Understanding Limit Notation & Symbols: L & <=>

    Hello, My professor wrote something on the board the other day and I forgot to ask after class. $$\lim_{{x}\to{c}} f(x)$$ = L <=>$$\lim_{{x}\to{c^+}} f(x)$$ = L && $$\lim_{{x}\to{c^-}} f(x)$$ = L What does mean by L and what does <=> mean?
  14. H

    Proper Distance: What is Relativistic Distance?

    Meter sticks laid out around the rim of a rotating disk will foreshorten by the Lorentz factor. This means more of them will fit around the disk in the reference frame of an observer on the moving rim. Q: In physics, what name is given to the longer measured length by a foreshortened meter...
  15. wolf1728

    Terminology for exponentiation and logarithms

    I am attempting to write a page concerning exponentiation and logarithms for my website www.1728.com Basically I'd like to know the precise terminology. In the equation 2³ = 8 we can say that "2" is the base, "3" is the exponent but what exactly is the "8" called? I have seen it referred...
  16. M

    How to type terminology on word document.

    So, I was trying to type something like dy/dx or dt/dy or a^(n)dy/dx But the problem is: I can't write subscripts on word or nth order derivatives. For my math club, I can't use ^ symbol or dx/dx (must be fraction form). I also need to know how to write the subscripts for y1, y2, y(n-1), y(n)...
  17. G

    S-Matrix definition and terminology

    A lot of textbooks give the definition of an S-matrix element as: \langle \beta_{out}| \alpha_{in}\rangle = \langle \beta_{in}| S| \alpha_{in} \rangle=\langle \beta_{out}| S| \alpha_{out} \rangle=S_{\beta \alpha} and that S|\alpha_{out} \rangle =|\alpha_{in} \rangle I don't...
  18. D

    Terminology in structure generating

    I am very mixed-up with the terms perturbation, anisotropy and ripple. What is the relation or difference between them?
  19. shanepitts

    Wave Function Terminology - Are these synonyms?

    Are the quantum mechanical terms "probability amplitude" and "probability density" used interchangeably?
  20. Fredrik

    (Terminology) bijective correspondence between proper classes?

    I'm just looking for the right words to use to talk about something like the "bijective correspondence" between the class of groups defined as pairs and the class of groups defined as 4-tuples. I'm talking about the "map" ##(G,\star,i,e)\mapsto (G,\star)##. It seems to me that it shouldn't be...
  21. M

    Terminology of electric flux density

    In my book is says the electric flux density D is equal to εE if the medium is linear and isotropic, where E is the electric field and permittivity ε is a scalar. I have no idea what they mean by a linear and isotropic medium.. How am I suppose to know if the medium is linear or isotropic?
  22. D

    Tensor Rank vs Type: Explained

    Tensors can be of type (n, m), denoting n covariant and m contravariant indicies. Rank is a concept that comes from matrix rank and is basically the number of "simple" terms it takes to write out a tensor. Sometimes, however, I recall seeing or hearing things like "the metric tensor is a rank 2...
  23. nomadreid

    Question about terminology: ch = cosh?

    I am reading the draft of a paper written by someone whose native language was not English and so who might not have been using the same abbreviations that I am familiar with, or maybe he was using standard ones and I am simply not familiar with the abbreviations involved. I can't ask him, as he...
  24. M

    Confused about the terminology moment

    Hello, I am confused about the terminology moment, specifically that there is a 1st moment and 2nd moment. What does moment even mean, and why does it have numbers associated with them?
  25. D

    What is the terminology for this geometry ratio?

    So if we imagine a rectangle. The aspect ratio is width/height. What if you want the ratio of the parallel sides? Is there a terminnology for that ratio?
  26. M

    Discreet Math: Logic Terms Memory Tips

    For anyone who has taken discreet math are there any easy ways of remembering all the terms for the condition statement? I added the terms in the paint doc.
  27. B

    MHB What is the Name for a Graph with Loops That Join a Vertex to Nothing?

    Hello, Just wondering if any of you have encountered a term for a particular type of graph. It is like a graph that allows for loops, but for loops, instead of joining a vertex to itself, it joins a vertex to nothing. I just want to be consistent with existing terminology, if there are none...
  28. S

    Terminology of Convert: What's the Right Term?

    My language is not English and i have got some problem in terminology . In physics , what's the meaning of "convert" ? Somewhere like Wikipedia claims that mass is not converted to energy since mass and energy can not be destroyed but Elsewhere claims that Energy can be converted into matter...
  29. F

    How Does Collision Type Affect Energy Transfer in Toy Car Experiments?

    Lets say if there was an experiment in which: A toy car with modelling clay attached to it, and a pellet is fired at it, the pellet sticks into the clay and the toy car moves forward. Now if it is replaced with a metal plate attached to the toy car instead of the clay, the pellet rebounds...
  30. D

    What does this terminology mean?

    So in finding a pattern for the nth derivative for y = x-1 the book wrote y(n)(x) = (-1)nn!x-n-1 What does the exclamation mark mean? I know != means not equal to.
  31. Fredrik

    What is the issue with tensor terminology and variable slot order?

    Definitions like this one are common in books: For all ##k,l\in\mathbb N##, a multilinear map $$T:\underbrace{V^*\times\cdots\times V^*}_{k\text{ factors}}\times \underbrace{V\times\cdots\times V}_{l\text{ factors}}\to\mathbb R$$ is said to be a tensor of type ##(k,l)## on ##V##. Lee calls this...
  32. D

    Puzzled by aqueous solution terminology

    I'm just beginning to learn general chemistry, and I'm reading my textbook's chapter on aqueous solutions. My question is, why do we term a solution of an ionic compound (like NaCl) like this: NaCl(aq) instead of: Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) ? Technically, when the sodium chloride is...
  33. K

    Fusion Terminology: Is it Fission or Fusion?

    Ok, I am a fusion physicist, but I still don't know what the strict criterion is for calling a nuclear reaction a fusion reaction. Yes, it's a collision between two nuclei that results in a bigger nucleus. But, then ^{11}B + ^{1}H \rightarrow 3 \alpha is usually called a fusion reaction. Isn't...
  34. J

    Terminology in rotational kinematics: distance vs displacement

    I'm trying to learn some physics on my own, using the internet as my main source of information. Now, I'm a bit confused about some terminology, and I can't find anything about it... Distance vs displacement in rotational kinematics! Is there a similar difference as in linear kinematics...
  35. Y

    Periodic Motion and Simple Harmonic Motion Terminology Question

    In lecture, we are beginning to learn about waves and periodic motion under simple harmonic motion. We were given the equations: x=Acosθ and θ=ωt+\phi -- Substituting, we get x=Acos(ωt+\phi). This is simple enough; however what is Phi? All I was told is that "phi is a constant that allows us...
  36. D

    Ratio of product to difference - terminology?

    Is there a specific mathematical term, which refers to this expression? A * B ------ A - B
  37. T

    Voltage Difference Equation Terminology

    For the formula for getting voltage difference V_b-V_a=-\int _a^{b} Edl how do we know where the limit a and b go? In the equation it goes from a to b but why not b to a? For example , in this question I am given a non uniform charge density where charge density increases with radius r for a...
  38. Useful nucleus

    Terminology Question: non-Arrhenius

    A temperature activated phenomenon/process, K, is said to be Arrhenius if dlog(K)/d(1/T) is constant where T is the absolute temperature. Now suppose a process exhibits two constant slopes (m1,m2) when plotted versus (1/T), say m1 governs the low T behavior and m2 governs the high T...
  39. S

    Power Factor & Transformer Load: 40kW to 100kVA

    Hello all. I recently read something that has me a bit confused. Consider a single-phase 100kVA transformer that supplies a 40kW heating load at unity power factor. What is meant by "how much additional kW of inductive load at 0.8 power factor can the transformer carry" mean? Is it asking how...
  40. C

    Some terminology problems involving Stokes' Theorem

    Homework Statement I am some trouble understanding the surfaces required to integrate over in the following questions. I can tackle them, I just don't understand some terminology. Q1) A circle C is cut on the surface of the sphere ##x^2 +y^2 +z^2 = 25## by the plane ##z=3##. The direction...
  41. W

    AC Circuits Terminology: Phase shift vs Phase Angle

    We talked about AC circuits and phase shifts were discussed. Voltage changes "lag behind" current changes so that's how we get phase shifts. It's like a sinusoid so fine. Then we talked about impedance. There's a real and "imaginary" component to impedance, graphed on x-axis and y-axis...
  42. D

    Perfect Squares, Cubes, and More: Understanding Terminology

    Hi, 9 is a perfect Square, 27 is a perfect Cube 81 is a perfect ?? 243 is a perfect ? Is there terminology for such things? -Diffy
  43. M

    Few questions about Gaussian terminology

    I'm learning about how Gaussian works and I'm reading about potential energy surfaces which Gaussian uses to calculate very properties of a molecule. Right now I'm reading about optimisations, I understand the concept that to optimise the structure of a molecule, it needs to find the global...
  44. B

    Some terminology clarification, please.

    I'm a physicist trying to learn some chemistry for my research (on-surface reactions and assembly) but am having some trouble with getting the meaning of some of the terms straight. Often one source seems to contradict another, in my reading of it at least. Specifically, the meaning of the...
  45. RabbitWho

    Medical Brain terminology question - association areas?

    Müller's law seems to differ from the modern statement of the law in one key way. Müller attributed the quality of an experience to some specific quality of the energy in the nerves. For example, the visual experience from light shining into the eye, or from a poke in the eye, arises from some...
  46. M

    Where Can I Find a Concise Resource on Common Programming Terminology?

    hello english is not my native language and the few programming literature I have read in my language, is so badly translated from english, that makes it more difficult to comprehend I understand that almost all programming languages share some terms, like class, function, command, object...
  47. K

    Basic terminology in Non Linear Analysis

    I am new to non linear dynamics, I am reading some papers and there are terms that I am finding every which I still have no idea about their meaning. What is: 1. Inhibitory coupling 2. An attractor Any explanation or reference is warmly welcome Thanks
  48. S

    A question about terminology of phase state & criticality

    I'm looking at the diagram (Figure 1) at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercritical_fluid I get that the region in which both the temperature & pressure are higher than the critical point is called a supercritical fluid, which really means it is both a gas & a liquid, thermodynamically...
  49. Labyrinth

    What Are the Terms for Interdependent Concepts and Imbalanced Correct Claims?

    Hello, 1. What is the technical term for two things (concepts/ideas/phenomena) that depend on one another and cannot be reduced further? I was going to use this in relation to "Physical Evidence and Reasoned Logic" as neither seems more fundamental than the other. Without logic, evidence...
  50. F

    The relation between two terminology cusp (group & algebraic curve)

    The relation between two terminology "cusp" (group & algebraic curve) Dear Folks: I come across the word "cusp" in two different fields and I think they are related. Could anyone specify their relationship for me?? Many thanks! the cusp of an algebraic curve: for example: (0,0)...
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