In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational equivalent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment, moment of force, rotational force or turning effect, depending on the field of study. The concept originated with the studies by Archimedes of the usage of levers. Just as a linear force is a push or a pull, a torque can be thought of as a twist to an object around a specific axis. Another definition of torque is the product of the magnitude of the force and the perpendicular distance of the line of action of a force from the axis of rotation. The symbol for torque is typically
τ
{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\tau }}}
or τ, the lowercase Greek letter tau. When being referred to as moment of force, it is commonly denoted by M.
In three dimensions, the torque is a pseudovector; for point particles, it is given by the cross product of the position vector (distance vector) and the force vector. The magnitude of torque of a rigid body depends on three quantities: the force applied, the lever arm vector connecting the point about which the torque is being measured to the point of force application, and the angle between the force and lever arm vectors. In symbols:
{\displaystyle \tau =\|\mathbf {r} \|\,\|\mathbf {F} \|\sin \theta \,\!}
where
τ
{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\tau }}}
is the torque vector and
τ
{\displaystyle \tau }
is the magnitude of the torque,
r
{\displaystyle \mathbf {r} }
is the position vector (a vector from the point about which the torque is being measured to the point where the force is applied),
F
{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} }
is the force vector,
×
{\displaystyle \times }
denotes the cross product, which produces a vector that is perpendicular to both r and F following the right-hand rule,
θ
{\displaystyle \theta }
is the angle between the force vector and the lever arm vector.The SI unit for torque is the newton-metre (N⋅m). For more on the units of torque, see § Units.
I was always wondering if you can lift anything (no matter how heavy it is) if you just use a really long pipe.
Or does torque increases in a way like ##e^x## , ##a^x## and after some point it barely increases?
Also if this can be explained mathematically, I would love to see it.
Summary: The main idea of my graduation project is to convert the motorcycle engine to work on compressed air that come from a 180 L tank (10 bar compressed air inside the tank )
I have some problems to how calculate the required torque to move the cart .
The main idea of my graduation project...
See attached image
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(The weight scale = 10 kg).
After initial force, now the mass is lowering down at constant speed of 1 m/s.
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I already solved the first part, but according the my book, the answer isn't quite correct. This is what I did.
Finally, I ended up with ##a=\frac{F(r-R\cos\alpha)}{Rm(\gamma+1)}##. But according to my book, the answer is ##a=\frac{F(\cos\alpha-\frac{r}{R})}{m(1+\gamma)}##, what am I doing...
Maximum Slip
s=4/35
Synchronous Speed
ns=50*60/p
ns=3000 rev min-1
Speed at Maximum Torque
Torque is maximum when R2=sX2
For maximum torque, X2=R2/s
I'm not sure after this.
I am working on a 500 kg roller, which I want to pull using electric motor. I am considering hub motor, since it is easier to frame a basic ev with it. Now I need to know the capacity of the hub motor, I need to choose.
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speed required...
I am currently designing a closet that will automatically open and close. The closet will be 8 feet high 5 feet long and 2 feet deep weighing in at 50 pounds. I was planning on having the movable side being on wheels with a motor powering the movement. I want the distance when it is open to be...
Hi, I am unsure how to proceed with this problem. I believe that I can correctly calculate the frequency of the oscillations for a bar that is not suspended from a spring but I do not know how to take the effect of the spring into account. The answer given by my professor is $$...
I have a servo motor which rotates 180 degrees. I want to calculate torque of the motor. To calculate the torque I'm thinking of lifting a load of a known value, with a known angular velocity. But I am struggling to find/calculate the torque based on these values. Does anyone know how to do this...
Hi All,
I'm working on some design and apparently my physics expertise are getting rusty,i'd appreciate some help with the following:-
I need to calculate the required torque for a stepper motor to rotate a solid cylinder with the following properties:-
radius : 20cm
height: 12cm
density : the...
If i need 1000 foot pound torque of 1000 foot pounds twisted very easily
How long should the lever arm be and and how much force at the end of lever arm is required ?
Tony Singh
Hello, I am using CFD to analyse a Kaplan turbine and am unsure on how to interpret the torque values as they come as x, y and z components. My understanding is that the z component in this case will determine the rotation direction depending on whether it is positive or negative however I am...
I would like to make a project where a dc motor will help the movement of a human arm. The motor will be at the elbow, the stationary part will be attached to the upper arm, and the moving part will be attached to the forearm, so the motor will help to rotate the forearm at the elbow.
I think...
This question is from 1977 AP Physics C so I suppose it would be clear enough, but I am confused about question c. Question a is easy (it rotates counterclockwise), question b too (Στ=6*rxF=6*r x (I*i x B)=0.06). Question C is where I am stuck.
The diagram provided with the question looks like...
So I'm having a little trouble getting to the solution to this question so here's my attempt at a solution and I'm not seeing the issue with it
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B=...
The system is in rotational equilibrium and therefore experiences no net torque, meaning all individual torques must add to zero.
τNET = 0 = FFTsin(θ)L - FgL - Fg(L/2)
τNET = 0 = FTsin30°(0.6?) - (0.5)(9.8)(0.6) - (2.0)(0.6/2)
My only problem (I think) is figuring out what the length L is for...
I'll preface this by saying I've done these sorts of problems before (though it was only in 2d) in my statics and dynamics class. I have no idea where my book went and the major problem I'm dealing with is vocabulary, so if I say something that doesn't make sense, please let me know, I've almost...
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How do you increase torque in gerotor design other than increasing flow. Will lengthening it increase torque? Will increasing diameter increase torque? What about running 2 or 3 in series?
Object to be tilted = 1200mm diameter cylinder
Cylinder height = 2.5 meter
weight of tilting assembly = 1200 kg
Cylinder is on platform which is "L" shaped and tilting point is on that corner of "L" as in attached image.
Shaft diameter on which it is tilted id 63mm
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Hi guys,
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Homework Statement
My teacher gave us a solution of + 1250 Nm Where CCW = positive torque
I know that the torque of the 600N + 300N forces + 1250Nm = the torque of the 500N force.
I can't figure out what angles work with the forces at the end of the pipe.
Homework Equations
Σ T = 1250 Nm
T...
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Homework Statement
hi my question is that say if rod of length l is 3m and is 90 degrees from horizontal pointing upwards with 2 kg weight on the end then there will be no torque produced because the force of gravity is acting parallel to the lever arm if the angle theta is 80 degrees then the...
Hi there,
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But I'm having...
Homework Statement
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a) (a) Assuming the HCl molecule consists of point-like ions (H+ and Cl) separated by 1.0 * 10^-10m, find the dipole moment of the molecule.
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Homework Statement
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Hi Guy
Hopefully someone can help me.
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Here a link on YouTube of what I have right now it does work...
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Statement of the problem :
"Using the definition L = r ##\times## p, prove that the direction of L is constant for an alpha (##\alpha##) particle whose scattering is shown in the diagram below. "
Relevant equations :
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Homework Statement
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Homework Statement
[/B]
Hello, I would like to request some help in solving this mechanics problem.
Consider the attached drawing of a solid structure which is pinned to the ground on points A and B.
Distances AC=Xa, CB=Xb, CD=H1 and DE=H2
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Homework Statement
Not an actual homework problem but a discussion that came up in class while we were learning about torque.
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Hi
I don't understand what Fa mean ? This the weight or no ? And i don't understand too why in the torque TL, we have an additional part with the preload, the internal friction coeff of preload nut ... What is it ? Thanks.
Hi guys,
Bringing myself back up to speed with bolt tightening, would really appreciate if anyone has some resources or answers to these questions:
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Hello,
I am currently facing a problem.
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Homework Statement
A homogeneous board weighing 60 kgf lies on two supports as shown. Find the forces acting on the supports.
Homework Equations
$$\frac{F_A}{F_B} = \frac{OB}{OA}$$
where ##F_A## is the force acting on the support on the left, ##F_B## is the force acting on the support on...