Bernoulli's Principle of a pipe

In summary: Just want to help, not confuse.In summary, the conversation discusses two problems. The first problem involves a horizontal pipe with a smooth reduction to a smaller pipe and determining the rate of water flow based on pressure. The second problem involves a storage tank with a leak and using Bernoulli's equation to calculate the velocity of the water leaving the hole and the diameter of the hole. The conversation also discusses solving for two unknowns in the first problem and using the given flow rate and Bernoulli's equation to solve for the diameter in the second problem.
  • #1
APool555
15
0
I have two problems that I can not figure out. Thanks for your help.

Problem #1: A horizontal pipe 10.0 cm in diameter has a smooth reduction to a pipe 5.00 cm in diameter. If the pressure of the water in the larger pipe is 8.00 x 10^4 Pa and the pressure in the smaller pipe is 6.00 x 10^4 Pa, at what rate does water flow through the pipe?

Problem #2: A large storage tank, open at the top and filled with water, develops a small hole in its side at a point 16.0 m below the water level. If the rate of flow from the leak is equal to 2.50 x 10^-3 m^3/min, determine (a) the speed at which the water leaves the hole and (b) the diameter of the hole.
 
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  • #2
#1: You'll have 2 equations with 2 unknowns. The first will be Bernoulli equation. The second will involve the fact that the volumetric flow rate through the pipe is constant.

#2: Use the surface of the water in the tank as a point. Open at the top is your hint on this one (V=0, p=0). Pt a) Use Bernoulli to calculate the velocity. Pt b) Use the given flow rate to calculate the area and then the diameter.
 
  • #3
Two unknowns? There is V1 and V2 in the Bernoulli's equation. Then there is rate. Or am I doing something wrong?

In the second problem when you say p=0, that's the density, correct? If so, then what is P1 and P2?
 
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  • #4
Ok you know that
[tex]P_1+\frac{1}{2} \rho_1 V_1^2+\rho_1 g h_1 = P_2+\frac{1}{2} \rho_2 V_2^2+\rho_2 g h_2[/tex]

And

[tex]Q_1 = Q_2 = V_1 A_1=V_2 A_2[/tex]

Because of steady flow

So you have the P1 and P2 you know the density and the height I assume would be the same. Therefore from Bernoulli's Equation you have the two unkowns V1 and V2 however, you can solve the second equatoin for either V1 or V2 and because you know the diameter you know the the area
[tex] A= \frac{\pi}{4} D^2[/tex]


For Part two the p fred was referring to is pressure I like to use big p (P)
P=0 becaues P=Patm or 0 gauge. Therefore if you are calling the top of the tank point 1 then P1 and V1 are both 0. Now call your hole point 2. This is a free jet so again P2=Patm=0 gauge. Therefore the only engery coming giving the fluid its velocity is the change in height. Depending upon where you select your coordinate system will determine what your h1 and h2 terms are. After you do that you can easily solve Bernoulli's equation and then use the relation Q=VA to find the diameter of the hole.
 
  • #5
and I didn't even that last post supersix. I just went ahead and solved it not knowing you already clearly laid it out for him, haha.

One thing to point out. Since you do have two unknowns in the first equation (v1 and v2 both being unknown), simply solve the equation for either of those. Now you have an equation of say v2 in terms of v1. Now you can plug that into your Q formula to solve for v1.
 
  • #6
Sorry for being a bit on the cryptic side. I was hoping to give you general direction and then you'd get the idea on the approach for solving the problems. I didn't want to make it more confusing for you.
 

What is Bernoulli's Principle of a pipe?

Bernoulli's Principle of a pipe states that as the speed of a fluid (such as water or air) increases, its pressure decreases. This principle is also known as the Venturi effect.

How does Bernoulli's Principle apply to a pipe?

In a pipe, the fluid particles travel faster in areas of lower pressure and slower in areas of higher pressure. This creates a pressure difference between the two points, causing the fluid to flow from high pressure to low pressure.

What factors affect Bernoulli's Principle in a pipe?

The key factors that affect Bernoulli's Principle in a pipe are the velocity of the fluid, the density of the fluid, and the diameter of the pipe. As the velocity or density of the fluid increases, the pressure decreases. And as the diameter of the pipe decreases, the velocity of the fluid increases, causing a decrease in pressure.

How is Bernoulli's Principle used in real life?

Bernoulli's Principle is used in various applications, such as in carburetors in cars, airplane wings, and even in the design of wind turbines. It is also used in everyday objects like spray bottles and vacuum cleaners.

What are the limitations of Bernoulli's Principle in a pipe?

Bernoulli's Principle assumes that the fluid is incompressible and non-viscous, which is not always the case in real-life situations. Additionally, it only applies to steady, laminar flow and does not account for turbulent flow. Other factors such as friction and external forces can also affect the accuracy of the principle.

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