Cis and Trans Isomers of 2-Butene

In summary, the formula CH3CH=CHCH3 can have cis or trans structures, with the cis structure having the H and CH3 groups on the same side of the double bond and the trans structure having them on opposite sides. The name for these structures is cis-butene and trans-butene, respectively. It is also acceptable to use the common nomenclature of 2-butene without splitting up the word.
  • #1
phys1618
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Homework Statement



CH3CH=CHCH3
What's the cis and trans structure name for this formula?

Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution



I've drew the ciis and trans structure

H\ /H
C = C
/ \
CH3 CH3
this is the cis

the tran is similar to the cis except the H and CH3 is at the top, CH3 and H is at the bottom of the double bonded C. I'm not sure what's the name of it. i know there's four carbon, so butane is usually what we say it is, but it has a double bond so its butene.
So is it cis-butene and trans-butene? I'm not really sure. please help..thank you in advance.
 
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  • #2
We use the terms cis-but-2-ene (best be clear where the double bond is) and trans-but-2-ene in my chem classes, so I think they're fine.
 
  • #3
Best to use the common nomenclature for this compound. Don't split up the word 'butene' as 'but-2-ene'. Use '2-butene'.
 

1. What is the difference between cis and trans structures in organic molecules?

Cis and trans structures refer to the relative positions of atoms or functional groups on either side of a double bond in an organic molecule. In a cis structure, the atoms or groups are on the same side of the double bond, while in a trans structure, they are on opposite sides.

2. How do cis and trans structures affect the properties of organic molecules?

The arrangement of atoms in cis and trans structures can impact the physical and chemical properties of organic molecules. For example, cis isomers tend to have higher boiling points and lower melting points than trans isomers due to differences in molecular symmetry and intermolecular forces.

3. Can cis and trans isomers interconvert?

Yes, cis and trans isomers can interconvert through a process called isomerization, which involves breaking and reforming bonds. This process can occur spontaneously at high temperatures or under the influence of a catalyst.

4. How can you determine if a molecule has a cis or trans structure?

The cis or trans structure of a molecule can be determined by its spectroscopic data, such as infrared or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. In some cases, the physical properties of the molecule, such as its melting and boiling points, can also provide clues to its structure.

5. Are cis and trans structures only found in double bonds?

No, cis and trans structures can also occur in other types of bonds, such as in cyclic molecules or in compounds with multiple double bonds. In these cases, the cis or trans designation refers to the relative positions of the atoms or groups around the specific bond in question.

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