Testing Diffraction Theory with a Digital Camera Image

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the angle to the first-order maximum of blue light using a diffraction grating with 500 lines per mm and a digital camera setup. The camera's CMOS array has a pixel pitch of 0.0036 mm, and the separation between the light source and the blue spectrum is 2.63 mm, translating to approximately 730 pixels. The theoretical angle calculated using the diffraction equation d*sin(θ)=λ predicts about 13 degrees, while the user’s experimental approach yields an angle of 23 degrees, indicating a discrepancy likely due to measurement inaccuracies.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of diffraction grating principles and equations
  • Familiarity with digital camera specifications, specifically CMOS sensor characteristics
  • Knowledge of basic optics, including lens equations and magnification
  • Ability to perform calculations involving angles and distances in physics
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the principles of diffraction and how to apply the diffraction grating equation
  • Learn about the characteristics and limitations of CMOS sensors in imaging
  • Explore the lens formula and magnification calculations in optical systems
  • Investigate methods for accurately measuring angles and distances in experimental setups
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Physics students, optical engineers, and anyone interested in experimental optics and diffraction analysis.

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Homework Statement


A diffraction grating with 500 lines per mm is held directly in front of the lens of a digital camera, with a bright white light source 8m away. The image recorded by the camera shows both the light source and the spectrum created by the light source. We know that the CMOS array of the camera has a pitch of 0.0036 mm per pixel, and the separation between the light source in the image and the middle of the "blue" region in the spectrum is about 730 pixels, which translates to a distance of 2.63mm. Based on this information, find the angle to the first order maximum of the blue light. Does this angle agree with the theory?


Homework Equations


d*sin(θ)=λ
d = (1/500)mm
λ = 475 nm (for blue light)

The Attempt at a Solution


Using
d*sin(θ)=λ
This gives a prediction of about 13 degrees for θ.
I'm not even sure what the relevant distances would be to get an angle from the picture. I've tried many permutations, and the closest I can get to 13 degrees is just 3 degrees. Does anyone have any idea how I can test the equation by using the picture?
 
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Here is the picture, by the way.
 

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After thinking about this some more, I may have a lead on how to solve it. Some information I left out that I'm thinking is probably important is that the camera lens/objective has a focal length of 6.5 mm. I then used the simple lens equation to find the image distance (assumed object distance was infinity), which is 6.5 mm. Then, calculating magnification, M = -(si/so), and li = (si/so)*lo, where so is distance from lens to object, si is distance from lens to image, li is length in image plane, lo is length in "object plane". Then, using so = 8m, si = 6.5mm, li = 2.63mm, I find lo = 3.24 m. Then, using arc length s = r(theta), with s = 3.24 m and r = 8 m, I find theta = 23 degrees. Still a ways off, but I didn't measure the distance from the lens to the light source very carefully.
 
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