Why Would the Pressure at Points 1 and 2 be the Same?

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The pressure at points 1 and 2 is the same due to Pascal's law, which states that pressure in a fluid at rest is transmitted equally in all directions. Despite water being denser than air, the height of the air column above point 1 creates an equivalent pressure at point 2, which is submerged in water. In a static equilibrium system, any pressure differences would lead to movement until equilibrium is restored, thus maintaining equal pressure at both points regardless of the differing densities of the fluids involved.

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Why would the pressure at points 1 and 2 be the same? I understand they are at the same elevation and due to Pascal's law should have the same pressure, but isn't water denser than air? So in turn, wouldn't it exert more pressure than air? So then how come despite all the water pushing down on point 2, it is still the same pressure as point 1, which only has air pushing down on it?

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It might help you to think about the height of the column of air pushing down on the surface of the water in the tank. Also, think about what would happen if the pressures were not equal.
 
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The system is supposed to be in static equilibrium. So, if you go downward beneath point 1 until you are lower than the tube, the pressure increases. Then if you go horizontally across under the edge of the tube, the pressure doesn't change. The, if you go back up within the tube to the same elevation as point 1, the pressure decreases again until you reach point 2. The net effect of this excursion is no change in pressure between points 1 and 2.
 

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