Complete Definition and 386 Threads

Has any model of physics yet been proposed that meets the following criteria? 1. The model is believed to, in principle, yield a full description of behavior at all energy levels. (Nonnegative probabilities summing to 1, no singularities without full mathematical treatment, no infinite values to...

In electromagnetism we have these two Lorentz scalars: ##P=B^2-E^2## ##Q=E\cdot B## WP https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification_of_electromagnetic_fields claims that these are a complete set of invariants, because "every other invariant can be expressed in terms of these two." How does...

Anyone can explain to me What does it mean for a language not to be complete? for example P has 2 languages are not complete for P ø and {0,1} are not complete for P.

We know that in the space of functions, its possible to find a complete set so that you can write for an arbitrary function f, ## f(x)=\sum_n a_n \phi_n(x) ## and use the orthonormality relations between ## \phi##s to find the coefficients. But is it possible to find a set of functions ##...

Homework Statement A small purse manufacturer has a single machine that makes the metal parts of a purse. This takes 2 minutes. Another single machine makes the cloth parts in 3 minutes. Then it takes a worker 4 minutes to sew the cloth and metal parts together. How long will it take to make 6...

This question was posted on Khan Academy. I attempted it after watching all of their great Work and Energy videos, but the way they arrived at the answer was way above my skill level even after reviewing the videos a number of times. Here is the question: What is the minimum height h of a slope...

I'm having a hard time solving this problem and was wondering if someone could explain to me how to solve it. Math isn't my strong point so be as noob friendly as possible...Thanks! So the function is f(x)=4x2+2x , a=-2 First I'm supposed to complete the square and graph it(Yes I looked online...

In an atom of something like oxygen with a completed 2p orbital, do the paired electrons within the orbital behave differently than the same 2p orbital that is uncompleted? Bear with me and try to understand this question as I am a little fuzzy on the subject and I don't know how else to ask...

Hello! (Wave) Suppose that we have a $C^{\infty}$ function $f: [0, \pi] \to \mathbb{R}$ for which it holds that $f(0)=f(\pi)=0$. How can we find a complete orthogonal system of this space? (Thinking)

Hello, If I worked at intervals of 10 hours every day, how long would it take for me to complete every problem in a Calculus textbook (Calculus I, II, and III)? I've taken Trigonometry and Pre-Calculus and received A's there. I am above average in skill in math. - Blue

Homework Statement Find the complete solution to Ax = b for b = (-1,0,1). Homework Equations Reduced-row echelon form procedure. Matrix multiplication procedure. The Attempt at a Solution I have no idea what is being done in the solution attached (other than the reduced-row echelon and matrix...

Could be a stupid question. But in case of complete inelastic collision, when one particle is at rest and other one collides with it and both move together, I made calculations(pretty simple ones), the conservation of linear momentum and conservation of kinetic energy give different results. Can...

Hello. I want to know the full in-detail process which happends inside our Sun's thermo-nuclear core. As far as I know the steps in the H - He fusion process are: 1) H+H -> He2 2) He2 can rarely decay (Beta plus) into Deterium and a positron 3) If so Deterium + H -> He3 4) He3 + He3 -> He4 + 2H...

Say for you had a wire in a complete circuit inside a magnetic field (pointing inwards) perpendicular to the wire. You move the wire across (to the right) , cutting lines of flux, this induces a current in the wire. The induced current acts upwards using the dynamo rule (thumb is motion...

Homework Statement I'm working on a problem in Design and Analysis of Experiments by Dean and Voss. It's Chapter 10 question 11 part c. We have an experiment with 2 treatment factors (each with three levels) and 1 blocking factor (with four levels. It's a randomized complete block design so...

The question is pretty simple really, do we have a complete knowledge on the different wavelengths of light? Or are there possibly other sources of light out there that are unknown to us?

Homework Statement Assume that $f(x)$ has two derivatives in $(0,2)$ and $0<a<b<a+b<2$. Prove that if $f(a)\ge f(a+b)$ and $f″(x)\le 0$ $\forall x \in (0, 2)$, then: $$\frac{af(a)+bf(b)}{a+b} \ge f(a+b) \tag 1$$ Homework Equations Below The Attempt at a Solution**MY PROOF:** If $(1)$ is...

How do we know that separable solutions of Schrodinger equation (in 3d) form a complete basis? I understand that the SE is a linear PDE and therefore every linear combination of the separable solutions will also be a solution , but how do we know that the converse, i.e 'every solution can be...

$$\int_{}^{} \frac{1}{\sqrt{16+4x-2x^2}}\,dx$$ $$\frac{\sqrt{2}} {2}\int_{}^{} \cos\left(\frac{x-1}{3}\right)\,dx$$ So far ? Not sure

Homework Statement We are given the sequence r defined by: r1 = 1, and rn = 1 + rfloor(√n) , n≥2 We need to show by induction that rn is O (log2 (log2 n)). The Attempt at a Solution Definition of big oh: ∃c∈ℝ+, ∃B∈ℕ, ∀n∈ℕ, n≥B => f(n) ≤ cg(n) [/B] So the basic proof format is fairly simple...

Hi all, I am currently an undergraduate in my third year working towards a simultaneous B.S/ M.S and will graduate next spring. I will be applying to Ph.D programs next winter and I am torn between earning my Master's through completing eight classes or through five classes and a Master's...

Suppose you have two observables ##\xi## and ##\eta## so that ##[\xi,\eta]=0##, i know that there exists a simultaneous complete set of eigenvectors which make my two observables diagonal. Now the question is, if ##\xi## is a degenerate observable the complete set of eigenvectors still exist?

Recently, I have been studying the methodology used by Schwarzschild to derive the exterior Schwarzschild solution to the Einstein field equations. Now, here was the process: 1. He started with an ansatz: ds2= -B(r)c2dt2 +A(r)dr2 + r2(dθ2 + sin2(θ)d∅2) (I used the - + + + signature here). He...

Hello all. I've recently started on the path to coding/programming in preparation for my future (double) major, if all goes well. However, as someone with virtually no coding/programming experience, I was wondering if some of you wiser people could give me any recommendations as to websites I...

Hi! (Wave) How can we find the depth of a perfect binary tree and how of a complete one? (Thinking) Since a perfect binary tree is a full binary tree, at which the leaves have the same depth, I thought that we can find the depth, by just looking at the leftmost nodes, like that...

Does anyone know where the book "SparkNotes 101: Biology (A Complete Course in a Book)" can be purchased in ebook form ? Thanks in advance.

I am already familiar with High school math and physics. I have also studied Calculus(vector included), Differential Equations and basic electrodynamics in freshman year in college and I want to take it a step further. Which books should I study to strengthen my physics background if I want to...

Hello, think i have proved it but is the proof complete, is there any more i should do? Homework Statement Let f:[0,1] --> [0,1], f be continuous, f(0)=0, f(1)=1 and let f(f(x)) = x, for all x in [0,1] prove that f(x) = x. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution (*)...

Homework Statement I identify the curve by finding a Cartesian equation for the curve. Homework Equations r = 3sin(θ) The Attempt at a Solution r^2 = 3r(y/r) x^2+y^2 = 3y x^2-3y+y^2 = 0 Now I'm stuck, I don't remember how to complete the square as I haven't done it in ages.

Homework Statement My question is very simple and perhaps it has an obvious answer. So, if we have a simple RC circuit with and EMF battery, a resistance and a capacitor, when the capacitor is charging, electrons leave the negative terminal of the battery and accumulate on one of the...

Hi again, Another, possibly trivial, question. In quantum dynamics we consider maps containing the evolution of a system. Suppose we have a completely positive (CP henceforth) map (1) \Gamma:\mathcal{M}_k\rightarrow \mathcal{M}_n This map has following properties: Trace-preserving Complex...

What is the difference between complete and incomplete mode locking in charge density wave systems?

Homework Statement according to the model ans, the volime of oxygen produced is 25x 24 dm^3 ... where does the 25 come from ?? or someone can show me other step of getting the ans ? thanks in advance! according to the model ans, the volime of oxygen produced is 25x 24...

Sir the Question is this [(-1+√3)^2][/(1-i)^20] + [(-1-√3)^15][/(1+i)^20] and i could solve it half using Euler' Form [(2e^2∏/3i)^15][/(√2e^-∏/4i)^20] + [(2e^-2∏/3i)^15][/(√2e^∏/4i)^20] please help fast

I am going through James Binney's course on Quantum Mechanics. I love all of the little misconceptions he points out along the way. One thing he mentions in his text and the lectures is found on page 20 and 21 starting with the heading "Commutators" eq. 2.21. He states that non commuting...

Hi! So let's say we measured the angular momentum squared of a particle, and got the result ##2 \hbar^2##, so ##l=1##. Now we have the choice of obtaining a sharp value of either ##L_z, L_y## or ##L_x##. Okay, fair enough. But I have two questions: 1) The degeneration degree is ##3## because...

Orthogonal plane waves can be used to expand Bloch waves. It is better than plane waves because it converges more quickly. However, I've got a problem. The completeness of plane waves is guaranteed by Fourier analysis. Why is OPW complete? It is orthogonal to core levels. But does it mean OPW is...

Hi, I've got a distribution of points in two dimensions and would like to demonstrate if these are randomly distributed. The points have been measured using single particle tracking, so likely have some degree of error in their position. What I'd like to show is whether, as time progresses...

Homework Statement Show the space of all space of all continuous real-valued functions on the interval [0, a] with the metric d(x,y)=sup_{0\leq t\leq a}e^{-Lt}|x(t)-y(t)| is a complete metric space. The Attempt at a Solution Spent a few hours just thinking about this question, trying to prove...

Problem: A little roller coaster (see attached image) is at a certain height h and starts moving downwards, Neglecting the friction and drag. From what height does the coaster have to start in order to complete a full loop with radius a without coming of the track? h should be expressed in a...

Is the set of the natural Nos complete?

Hello, I've been struggling with the so often spoken idea that a metric tensor gives you all necessary information about the geometry of a given space. I accept that from the mathematical point of view as every important calculation (speaking as a physicist with respect to GTR rather than...

Hi i am confused of the following question. Suppose we have a Metric Space (X,d), where d is the usual metric. Now are the following subsets complete, if so why?? 1.$$X=[0,1]$$ 2.$$X=[0,1)$$ 3.$$X=[0,\infty)$$ 4.$$(-\infty,0)$$

According to Isham (Differential Geometry for Physics) at page 115 he claims: "If X is a complete vector field then V can always be chosen to be the entire manifold M" where V is an open subset of a manifold M. He leaves this claim unproved. A complete vector field is a vector field which...

Homework Statement . A space ##(X,\Sigma, \mu)## is a complete measure space if given ## Z \in \Sigma## such that ##\mu(Z)=0##, for every ##Y \subset Z##, we have ##Y \in \Sigma##. In this case, prove that a) If ##Z_1 \in \Sigma##, ##Z_1ΔZ_2 \in \Sigma## and ##\mu(Z_1ΔZ_2)=0##, then ##Z_2...

Hi guys, I'm doing a quantum course at the moment, and there's one thing in Binney's book which I don't really understand: Why must you multiply the radial eigenfunction by ##Y_l^m## to get the "complete wavefunction" ? They do this to normalize the eigenfunction, and to do things like...

1. A’s rate of doing work is three times that of B. On a given day A and B work together for 4 hours; then B is called away and A finishes the rest of the job in 2 hours. How long would it take B to do the complete job alone? if I let x = B's rate of work and 3x...

Homework Statement This is not a homework problem, but a topic in a microeconomics book that I am unclear about. My book argues that the set X = {a, b, c, d} of preferences can be (i) transitive but (ii) incomplete. Is it possible for a similar set of preferences to be (i) complete but (ii)...

What is left if all matter and energy is removed from a particular region in space? For example, say I completely remove all of the matter and energy from a region of the air in front of me (also assuming no matter or energy moves in and out of this space once I do this), then what is left?

hello How to you rigorously express the orthonormality of a complete set of eigenvectors (|q\rangle)_q of the position operator given that these are necessarily generalized eigenvectors (elements of the distribution space of a rigged hilbert space)? The usual unformal condition \langle...