Definite integrals Definition and 79 Threads

While analyzing the foundation of calculus, I am finding that the notion of an integral is a special form of summation of differentials and an indefinite integral is also an integral with limits 0 to x what is conventionally written without the limits, the notation is given in the image, Pl...

Apologies for my lack of knowledge on the equations front, I have burnt by brain out on this and haven't the capacity to learn LaTex right now! So here's a screengrab of it: So, This is a Matlab coursework and I am struggling to work out how best to approach solving it. What I have so far is...

Hi everyone To solve the below problem, I assumed the affected area was 2x2 minus the definite integral of the given function between 2 and 4. I then equated the answer for that with the given function to solve for a, b and c. I don't know why the solutions give b as 2ln5. Have I made a...

I’m doing some brainstorming for a note I’m writing, I would appreciate it if anybody knows interesting integrals of the form $$\int_{t=0}^\infty t^{\alpha - 1} e^{-t} F(z, e^{-t})\, dt=G( z, \alpha )$$ where ##z## and ##\alpha## are complex parameters and the solution ##G(z, \alpha )## is...

I've always been taught that the indefinite integral of ##\frac{1}{x}## is ##\ln(|x|)##. Extending this to definite integrals, particularly over limits involving negative values, should work just like any other integral: $$\int_{-1}^{1} \frac {1} {x} dx = \ln(|-1|) - \ln(|1|) = \ln(1) - \ln(1)...

Taken from Emmy Noether's wonderful theorem by Dwight. E Neuenschwander. Page 28 1. Homework Statement Under what circumstances are these definite integrals functionals; a) Mechanical work as a particle moves from position a to position b, while acted upon by a force F...

I understand that if you have a function in which you want to determine the full (i.e. account for positive and negative values) integral you need to break down your limits into separate intervals accordingly. Is there any way in which you can avoid this or is it mathematically impossible? If...

Homework Statement Today i had a test on definite integrals which i failed. The test paper was given to us so we can practise at home and prepare better for the next one. This is the first problem which i need your help in solving:: Homework Equations 3. The Attempt at a Solution [/B] As no...

Hi, I see a formula of gamma function and i have a question. (1) $$\Gamma (s) = \int_{0}^{\infty } e^{-x}\, x^{s-1} dx$$ (2) $$ x=a\, n^{p} \rightarrow dx=ap\, n^{p-1}dn$$ (3) $$\frac{\Gamma (s)}{pa^{s}} = \int_{0}^{\infty } e^{-an^{p}}\, n^{ps-1} dn$$ i understand the formula but...

Homework Statement Sorry that I am not up on latex yet, but will describe the problem the best I can. On the interval of a=1 to b= 4 for X. ∫√5/√x. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution My text indicates the answer is 2√5. I have taken my anti derivative and plugged in b and subtracted...

Homework Statement Given the function in x $$f_n(x)=sin^nx (n=1,2,3,...)$$ For this ##f_n(x)##, consider the definite intergral $$I_n=\int_{0}^{\pi/2}f_n(x)sin2xdx$$ a) Find ##I_n## b) Hence the obtain $$lim_{n→∞}(I_{n-1}+I_n+I_{n+1}+...+I_{2n-2})=\int_0^W\frac{X}{Y+x}dx$$ Find X,Y,Z. Homework...

On applying definite integral to find work done, we integrate F.dx and apply lower and upper limits. Should we apply the dot product, before integration , that is -1 for θ = 180, 1 for θ = 0. Or will the limits applied and their values suffice in deciding the sign of the final value. I have...

can i request anyone to please show me the step by step with specific explanations? thank you! i saw this on stackexchange, and the steps shown are really fuzzy to me :(

Hello, Since it was mentioned in my textbook, I've been trying to find Riemann's proof of the existence of definite integrals (that is, the proof of the theorem stating that all continuous functions are integrable). If anyone knows where to find it or could point me in the right direction, I...

Homework Statement Homework Equations trigonometric identities The Attempt at a Solution I did a trig substitution of u=tan(θ/2) and from that I could substitute cos(θ) = 1-u2/1+u2 dθ = 2/(1+u2) du = 1/2 sec2(θ/2) dθ I simplified a bit and changed the bounds to get 2du/(5u2 + 1)(1 + u2)2...

In the MVT for Integrals: ##f(c)(b-a)=\int_a^bf(x)dx##, why does ##f(x)## have to be continuous in ##[a,b]##.

I have a few questions about the following property of definite integrals: $$\int_a^b f(x) dx = \int_a^c f(x) dx + \int_c^b f(x) dx$$ What exactly are the prerequisites for this property? Should ##c## be a member of ##[a,b]##? Should the function ##f## be defined at ##c##?

Lately, I have been trying really hard to understand the Newton Leibnitz Formula for evaluating Definite Integrals. It states that- If f(x) is continuous in [a,b] then \int_a^b f(x) dx = F(b) - F(a). But one thing that just doesn't make sense to me is that why should f(x) be continuous in...

Homework Statement Find ∫ f(x) dx between [4,8] if, ∫ f(2x) dx between [1,4] = 3 and ∫ f(x) dx between [2,4] = 4 Homework Equations [/B] ∫ f(x) dx between [4,8] , ∫ f(2x) dx between [1,4] = 3 and ∫ f(x) dx between [2,4] = 4 The Attempt at a Solution We are given ∫ f(2x) dx between...

Evaluation of $$\displaystyle \int_{0}^{\pi}\lfloor \cot x \rfloor dx$$ and $$\displaystyle \int_{0}^{\pi}\lfloor \cos x \rfloor dx\;,$$ where $$\lfloor x \rfloor $$ denote Floor function of $$x$$

Problem Show: \int_0^\infty \frac{cos(mx)}{4x^4+5x^2+1} dx= \frac{\pi}{6}(2e^{(-m/2)}-e^{-m}) for m>0 The attempt at a solution The general idea seems to be to replace cos(mx) with ##e^{imz}## and then use contour integration and residue theory to solve the integral. Let ##f(z) =...

from 0 to π/2 ∫sin5θ cos5θ dθ I have been trying to solve the above for quite some time now yet can't see what I am doing wrong. I break it down using double angle formulas into: ∫ 1/25 sin5(2θ) dθ 1/32 ∫sin4(2θ) * sin(2θ) dθ 1/32 ∫(1-cos2(2θ))2 * sin(2θ) dθ With this I can make u = cos(2θ)...

Homework Statement Evaluate the definite integral that gives the area of the region bounded by the graph of the function and the tangent line to the graph at the given point. f(x) = \frac{1}{x^2+1} at the point (1,1/2) Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution So far I...

Suppose we are given two functions: f:\mathbb R \times \mathbb C \rightarrow\mathbb C g:\mathbb R \times \mathbb C \rightarrow\mathbb C and the equation relating the Stieltjes Integrals \int_a^\infty f(x,z)d\sigma(x)=\int_a^\infty g(x,z)d\rho(x) where a is some real number, the...

Hello! I found the following problem on AOPS: Which is larger, $$\Large \frac{\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}x^{2014}\sin^{2014}x\ dx}{\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}x^{2013}\sin^{2013}x\ dx}\ \text{or}\ \frac{\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}x^{2011}\sin^{2011}x\ dx}{\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}x^{2012}\sin^{2012}x\...

Homework Statement Using Washer Method: Revolve region R bounded by y=x^2 and y=x^.5 about y=-3 Homework Equations V= integral of A(x) from a to b with respect to a variable "x" A(x)=pi*radius^2 The Attempt at a Solution pi(integral of (x^.5-3)^2 -(x^2)^2-3) from 0 to 1 with...

Evaluate the following integrals. a) $\int^1_0 x e^x dx$ So integrating by parts we get $u = x $ $vu = e^x dx$ $du = dx$ $ v = e^x$ $uv - \int vdu = x e^x - \int^1_0 e^x dx$ $$xe^x - e^x |^1_0 = 1$$ b) $$\int^1_0 x^2 e^x \, dx$$ Integrating by parts we get $$u = x^2 $$ $$ dv =...

Homework Statement So I did an entire antiderivative, and ended with this part: sec(x)tan(x) + ln|sec(x) + tan(x)| + C I have to do this with the lower bound of -pi/3 and 0. When I do it, I should be getting 2√3 + ln(2+√3) But, I'm getting (0+0)-(2*-√3 + ln(2-√3)) Which would...

Here are the questions: I have posted a link there to this thread so the OP can see my work.

Can someone make sure I'm on the right track with this problem? I'm a little confused because I thought that when you make a substitution you update the limits and get better numbers to work with when you plug them in the function in the end...Yet, it seems like I almost got worse numbers to...

I've been studying for a test and have been powering through the recommended problems and have stumbled upon a problem I just can't seem to figure out. $$\int_{0}^{\infty} \frac{logx}{1+x^{2}} dx$$ (Complex Variables, 2nd edition by Stephen D. Fisher; Exercise 17, Section 2.6; pg. 167)...

I just want to verify is this the way to calculate the result of a definite integral with the given interval. Say the result of the integral over [0,##\frac{\pi}{2}##] is \sin(\theta)\cos(\theta)d\theta|_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} [SIZE="5"]It should be...

1) Show that for $\alpha$ not an integer multiple of $\pi$, $\displaystyle \int_{-\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \Big( \frac{\cos x + \sin x}{\cos x - \sin x} \Big)^{\cos \alpha} \ dx = \frac{\pi}{2 \sin \left(\pi \cos^{2} \frac{\alpha}{2} \right)} $.2) Show that for $s,\lambda >0$ and $0 \le...

It seems like we calculate integration by doing the reverse of derivation. Differentiation is basically just using short-cuts for differentiation by first principles (e.g. power rule). If integration by first principles is the Riemann sum, then why don't we use short-cuts of the Riemann sum to...

Homework Statement I need to solve this integral for a>0: \int _0^{\infty }\frac{\text{Sin}[x]}{x}\frac{1}{x^2+a^2}dx The Attempt at a Solution Using wolfram mathematica, I get that this integral is: \frac{\pi -e^{-x} \pi }{2x^2}=\frac{\pi (1-\text{Cosh}[a]+\text{Sinh}[a])}{2...

While reading my calc book, I have developed a few questions about the situations in which definite integrals can exist. I've thought about these questions, and I feel that if I am able to answer some of them, I can make some other problems much easier, such as testing for convergence of a...

Homework Statement Find f'(x) for (integral from 0 to x of cos^5(t)dt)* (integral from x^2 to 1 of e^t^2 dt). No differentiation allowed in the answer Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution. I used the product rule and integrated then differentiated the first term --> cos^5x*...

Is there a general algebraic way to write the quotient of two definite integrals as one? I mean, what would be \frac{\int_a^b f(s) ds}{\int_c^d g(t) dt} Is it analogous to the product of integrals creating a double integral? Thanks in advance!

I'm trying to figure out how to integrate a data set, without knowing the function. While doing this, I got to thinking about this: If the definite integral of a function can be represented by the area under that function, bound by the x axis, then shouldn't: \int_{a}^{b}2x\frac{\mathrm{d}...

Homework Statement show that \int^{∞}_{0}\frac{sin^{2}x}{x^{2}}dx= \frac{\pi}{2} Homework Equations consider \oint_{C}\frac{1-e^{i2z}}{z^{2}}dz where C is a semi circle of radius R, about 0,0 with an indent (another semi circle) excluding 0,0. The Attempt at a Solution...

I see equations of the form, y=\int_{-\infty }^{t}{F\left( x \right)}dx a lot in my texts. What exactly does it mean? From the looks of it, it just means there is effectively no lower bounds. I looked up improper integrals, but I can't say I really understand what is going on. So when...

Fun! Fun! Fun! Here are more entertaining problems: 1.\( \displaystyle \int_{2}^{4} \frac{\sqrt{\ln(9-x)}}{\sqrt{\ln(3+x)}+\sqrt{\ln(9-x)}}dx\) 2.\( \displaystyle \int_{\sqrt{\ln(2)}}^{\sqrt{\ln(3)}}\frac{x \sin^2(x)}{\sin(x^2)+\sin(\ln(6)-x^2)}dx\) 3.\( \displaystyle...

Homework Statement I'm trying to solve a problem where you are asked to find the derivative of an integral where both limits of integrations contain variables Homework Equations Definition of integrals, derivatives The Attempt at a Solution For problems where you have an...

Homework Statement I have to find the definite integrals of some problems... I did them in paint because i do not know how to do it on the forum so sorry if that is a problem Here is the problem and my attempted answer. I think i got the first one right, but the second one, someone told me...

Homework Statement Suppose that f is a continuous function. a) If g is a differentiable function and if F(x) = \int_{0}^{x}g(x)f(t)dt find F ' (x). b) Show that \int_{0}^{x}(x - t)f(t)dt = \int_{0}^{x} [\int_{0}^{u}f(t)dt] du Suggestion: Use a) and the racetrack...

Homework Statement I want to prove the following statement: \int_0^{ln(2)} \sqrt{e^{2t} + 4 e^{4t} + 9 e^{6t}} dt = \int_1^2 \sqrt{1 + 4 t^2 + 9 t^4} dt Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution To be honest, I'm not sure how to do this. I tried a substitution t=e^t for...

Homework Statement Find the area under the cosine curve y=cosx from x=0 to x=b, where 0 is less than b is less than or equal to pi/2.Homework Equations \Sigmacos kx = [sin(1/2)(nx) cos(1/2)(n+1)x]/sin(1/2)xThe Attempt at a Solution I let n be a large integer and divided the interval [0,b] by n...

Homework Statement Consider the function f(x)=x2 on the interval [0,b]. Let n be a large positive integer equal to the number of rectangles that we will use to approximate the area under the curve f(x)=x2. If we divide the interval [0,b] by n equal subintervals by means of n-1 equally spaced...

Homework Statement Let F(x) = \int^{x}_{0}xe^{t^{2}}dt for x\in[0,1]. Find F''(x) for x in (0,1). Caution: F'(x)\neq xe^{x^{2}} Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I just need a hint. I know what F"(x) is already (solution was given), but I'd like to find F'(x) Thank you M